The theory of evolution is one of the most powerful theories in human intellectual history, and as much as it has influenced human thought, hardly any other theory has.Charles Darwin is generally considered to be the founder of this theory, but the concept of biological evolution existed thousands of years ago.The great thing about Darwin is that he established this theory on such a solid logical and scientific basis that it was accepted worldwide within a few decades. The thousands of interdisciplinary evidence that came later made it stronger and stronger. Went to make it wet. The two main pillars of Darwin's theory are 'natural selection and 'descent with modification. As has been said before, Darwin laid the groundwork for this theory, but it is interesting to note that the mention of natural selection was made by the Muslim thinker Jahzi a thousand years before Darwin, who was strikingly similar to Darwin's theory. Is. Jabez's full name was Abu Usman Amr Bahr al-Kanani al-Basri and he was born in 776 AD in Basra. His family was very poor and his grandfather was a Sarban. He is said to have been a heretic, which is why people used to make fun of him.
The Arabic word jaheez means a person whose eyes are protruding but Jaheez did not let these obstacles get in the way and decided to defeat his opponents with the light of knowledge. To this end, he continued his education. In addition to reading and writing, he used to attend lectures and listen to lectures in his spare time. At that time the Mu'tazilite sect was taking root and in their forums, there were heated discussions on religious issues, philosophy, and science. Janez started attending these meetings regularly which helped him to formulate his ideas. This was the time of the rise of the Abbasid Empire. The era of the Abbasid Caliphs Harun al-Rashid and Mamun al-Rashid, the era of libraries, scholarly debates, and the House of Wisdom. It was a time when sciences and arts from all over the world were being translated into Arabic, and the Muslim world was becoming enlightened with new ideas.
Muslims had recently learned the useful art of making paper from the Chinese, which had revolutionized the fields of knowledge. Young Hafeez took full advantage of this environment and started writing one after another on various topics. His fame soon spread far and wide, and even the Abbasid Caliph Mamun al-Rashid himself joined him. Later, the Caliph Al-Mutawakil appointed him as the teacher of his children. Janez wrote on many topics such as science, geography, philosophy, grammar, and rhetoric. According to some lists written during this period, the number of his books is close to two hundred, but only one-third have survived. Jabez's Kitab al-Bakhla '(The Book of the Stingy) is a living marquee of ninth-century Arab society in which he presents vivid portraits of many people.
Animal Encyclopedia
In this encyclopedia book, he has described the condition of three hundred and fifty animals. Similar to the situation you find on Wikipedia today. In the same book, Jahez presents some ideas that are strikingly similar to Darwin's theory of evolution. These theories can be basically divided into three parts:
The struggle for survival
. Animals eat smaller animals to survive,
but they become food for larger animals. This struggle is not only between different species of animals but also between animals of the same species competing with each other. The transformation from one generation to anotJanez was convinced that one species of animal could be transformed into another due to various factors. Impact of environmental factorsJanez believed that food, the environment, and shelter were factors that could affect animals and that the characteristics of animals would change as a result. These traits are passed on from one generation to the next and the animal gradually adapts to its environment. In this way, the animals with better qualities succeed in the race for survival. He writes: "Animals are constantly struggling to survive, and they are constantly striving to obtain food, to avoid being eaten by anyone, and to continue their breeding."This is the theory that later became known as 'survival of the fittest. These ideas of Jahez also had an effect on later Muslim thinkers, so we find their echoes in Farabi, Ibn Al-Arabi, Rumi, Al-Biruni, Ibn Khaldun, and other scholars.Allama Iqbal has also mentioned Jahez. In his collection of sermons, Reconstruction of Religions That in Islam, he writes: ۔ 'These ideas of Muslims about evolution were very common in 19th century Europe. Even William Draper, a contemporary of Darwin, 1878 called the theory of evolution the "Muhammadan Theory of Evolution," meaning the "Muslim theory of evolutiThis does not mean that Darwin used Jahez's ideas, it is written on some websites that he knew Arabic but there is no evidence of that. Although he was not the originator of the theory of evolution, after his observations and deep reflection, he provided a solid rational and logical basis for this theory which changed the intellectual and scientific map of the world forever. However, it is a credit to Jahez that what Darwin understood in the 19th century, he had already pointed out a thousand years ago. Love of knowledge and books also became the cause of Jahez's death. It is said that at the age of 92 while taking out a book from the shelf, a heavy shelf fell on him, and thus this unity of Islamic history came to an end at the hands of intellectual books.
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