500 years ago, sailors made the first voyage around the world by eating rats and leather

was September 8, 1522, when a ship anchored in a very bad condition in the port of Seville.  It was brought up the Guadalquivir River by a ship called the Sanlúcar de Barrameda, where it arrived two days ago. The 18 crew members on board the ship were hungry, thirsty, and delirious.

 The ship was named Nau Victoria and the crew was headed by a Spanish captain, Yoan Sebastián Alcano.  It was not his main purpose but he became a part of history by accident.  He was able to circumnavigate the world for the first time.

 One might imagine that the first thing these sailors would do upon doing so would be to celebrate the achievement.  Instead of bragging about it, however, he went barefoot to the churches of Nuestra Señora de la Victoria and the Cathedral of Seville.

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 He wanted to fulfill the promise he had made during the worst part of his voyage.  Because during this voyage, they had gone through such difficult and miserable conditions that instead of celebration and pride, their survival was the best reward for them. 

He had just accomplished a feat that could hardly be imagined on a ship because it was something like being in prison for almost three years.

 Let's go back in time to three years to find out what happened on these ships.

Paying half a ducat (gold coin) for a mouse'

The voyage began on August 10, 1519, when five ships and a crew of 250 men, led by the Portuguese captain Ferdinand Magellan, set sail from Seville.

 These ships had enough food and water for two years at that time.

 Lola Higueras, technical director of the Madrid Naval Museum, told BBC Mundo: "They kept salted fish and meat, vegetables, fruit, cheese, butter, double bread, oil, vinegar and spices on the ships. There was also a fire on the ships, but it was used only by high-ranking officers.

 However, this varied food lasted only a few months as there were no means of preserving it at that time, so it began to spoil and rot.

The double bread had bugs very quickly and they ate more bugs than the double bread, it was horrible," says Higueras.

The effects of food shortages were beginning to show and the situation worsened as these ships reached the Atlantic. They had no idea of ​​the vastness of the ocean and as the days wore on many of the crew began to starve.

Others cast their eyes on the floor in hopelessness and despair in search of the living animal they could use as food, the rat.

Historian Pablo Amilo Pérez Malena says that 'half a ducat (an ancient gold coin worth about nine shillings in many European countries) began to be paid for a mouse at that time.

 This undesirable food became a palatable food under these circumstances, and we shall see further how it became an element of salvation.

But the rats also disappeared and the voyage continued without exploring the islands, and then these sailors added another thing to their diet in the face of great hunger.

They even began to eat the skin that was attached to various parts of the ship, softened in sea water or sometimes cooked a little over the fire," says Higueras.

Stay thirsty in the 'jail' of water

 Starvation was not the only difficulty on these small ships. These brave sailors also faced severe thirst.

 Lola Hagoras further explains that 'after a few months even the drinking water on the ships began to deteriorate, and the only way to obtain drinking water was to collect rainwater through the sails of the ships. But it didn't always rain and they couldn't collect enough water for all the crew members.'

 Historian Carlos Martínez explains that 'so when some sailors could not bear their thirst, they would quench their thirst with salt water by filling their buckets with the sea. But they would cause severe pain in his stomach Being thirsty and trapped on a ship surrounded by water, but unable to drink the water because it would make them sick, was a mental torture that was repeated daily for several periods of the voyage.

Apart from water, the only thing they used to keep themselves hydrated was wine, which, although it was kept on board in large numbers, was also beginning to deteriorate.

Vitamin C deficiency and tooth decay.

 Along with hunger and thirst, a disease also overtook them. Especially those who know about the voyages of sailors who suffered from scurvy (a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency).

It is a disease that occurs in humans without reaching a land island for a very long time.

This disease is spread among sailors due to a lack of consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables which leads to significant vitamin C deficiency.

 Horas explains that 'their teeth began to break, their gums became inflamed and their bodies became so weak that they began to die. There was another serious problem with this. The movement of the ship depended on the sails and for that one had to climb on them and unfurl them, turn them, but when it was time to change the direction of the ship, the weak and emaciated sailors could not climb on the sails and change it and the ship would capsize. Unable to change direction. '

 Few people were immune to the disease and lay in wait to catch the rats that roamed the ship.

'They helped him get rid of the disease because rats have a certain amount of vitamins B

 

and C,' says Hegros. unsung hero'

 But along with the three years of physical torture, it had also become psychological torture. The ships, which were barely 80 or 90 tons, became 'prisons' for the crew members who faced these hardships and wretched conditions.

 They had small rooms on board where they could rest as well as store spare parts and some leftover raw rations.

 So the 'deck' of the ship was the place for the crew to spend the day and night where they faced all kinds of cold and hot weather during this period. They did not have the means to protect themselves from the harshness of the weather.

 Fires built on hearths made of sand and bricks were not used to keep the sailors warm, but only for cooking when possible.

Many times they couldn't light the stoves on the ship because any storm could cause a fire to spread and burn the ship,' explains Lola Negras. The rules were very strict, candles could not be lit near certain areas of the ship, they could not even use lanterns to avoid a fire, and smoking was strictly prohibited on board.'

 During these three years, hurricanes were frequent and these small ships were at the mercy of the sea waves. Death hovered over their heads every moment, but these sailors emerged as unsung heroes.

 This is what Lola Higoras calls a diver. Skilled sailors who, without supplemental oxygen and in the darkness of deep water, carry out complex and difficult tasks such as sealing valuable cargo, weapon parts and, above all, sealing a hole or leak under the ship.'

The heroes who risked their lives to save the ships and their fellow sailors suffered from many ailments, including damaged eardrums.

These sailors have the honor of circumambulating the world for the first time despite hunger, thirst, disease, fear of death, and countless difficulties.

 But the struggle to survive in this journey was the greatest achievement. Lola Hegoras says that 'this voyage was a wonderful and exemplary voyage under very unusual circumstances.' 

A country where rats are not only a favorite food but also given as dowry to the bride

 

Before going to bed, they usually make sure that no food or scraps are left on the floor or table, otherwise they might invite some unwanted guests like mice. For some people, the mere sight of a rat is disgusting. New York, for example, has recently made new efforts to address the city's 'rat crisis', but such visitors are not universally despised. In fact, in some places around the world, rats are considered a delicious and desirable food. Every year on March 7, the Adi tribe in a remote village in the hills of Northeast India celebrates a festival called 'Yuning Aran'. It is an unusual festival in which rats are included in their best food dishes. One of Adi's favorite dishes is a stew called bole block oing, which is made by boiling rat stomach, intestine, liver, testicles, tail and legs with salt, pepper and ginger. All types of mice are welcome in this community, whether they are house mice seen around the house or their wild counterparts living in the wild. Rat tails and feet are particularly prized in terms of flavor, says Viktor Bennomeyer Rocho of the University of Oulu in Finland.He has spoken to many people of the Adi tribe during his recent research. Their research is based on the use of rats as a food source 

Rat meat is the best meat

In the course of research, he came across a different view of this pesky creature. Respondents stated that rat meat was 'the tastiest and best meat' they could imagine.'I was told that 'if there are no rats, then there is no party', there is no joyous occasion, honoring an important guest, visitor or relative, any special occasion; It can only happen when rats are on the menu.'They love rats so much that they are not the only part of their menu. They say that mice are given as gifts, which are dead. It is also an important item of dowry. When the bride's relatives happily send their daughter away from her old family with her husband, gifts include rats. On the first morning of the Yuning Aran festival called Aman Ro, children are given two dead mice as gifts, just like the toys you got as a child on Christmas morning. Little is known about when and how the aborigines became fascinated with rats, but Mayor Rocheau says it is a long-standing tradition that arose out of a lack of other sources of entertainment. Not a thing. Many animals such as deer, goats and buffaloes still roam the forests around the village but the tribal people prefer only the taste of rat. They say that there is no competition for a mouse. Even Mayor Rocheau, being a vegetarian, tasted the famous meat and found that it was similar to other meats except for the smell."It brings back memories of zoology students' first lab courses in which they dissect mice and study their anatomy," he says. It is not limited to this small corner of India that rat is on the menu. British TV host Stephen Gates has traveled the world and met people who have very unusual sources of food. Outside the city of Yaoundé in Cameroon, he found a small farm of rats, which he describes as 'little dogs, angry little devilish fellows'.

 Gates says these mice are special because they are more expensive than chicken or vegetables.

Their flesh is tender and flavorful

 And when asked about its taste, he said, "It was the tastiest meat I've ever had in my life." Gates recalls that the meat was cooked with tomatoes and he described it as 'like pork but very tender, like a slow-cooked pork shoulder'.'Extraordinarily soft, tender and delicious, the stew was very juicy, with a beautiful layer of fat that was beautifully rendered,' he says. In the northern Indian state of Bihar, Gates spent some time with Dalits (a backward Hindu caste). The people they meet tend to the crops of rich landowners of another caste and in return are allowed to eat the rats that wreak havoc on the farm. According to Gates, these small mice were very soft to eat and tasted like a small chicken or quail. The only unpleasant aspect was the smell of burning hair.They say that to save the skin or flesh of the young animal from being wasted, its hair is roasted whole, which creates a 'terrible smell' and 'a bitter smell on the outside of the skin. feeling' but inside all was good.The meat and skin inside the rat was absolutely delicious," he said. 

A roadside vendor in Bangkok was seen selling roasted rats 

Delicious mice from around the world

 Our taste for rodents goes back centuries. According to a scholarly review from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, rats were eaten in China during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and were called 'domestic deer'. According to the authors, a special item eaten during the Tang Dynasty was newborn mice stuffed with honey.Until about 200 years ago, the currey, a closely related species of the common house rat, was eaten by many New ZealandersAccording to the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, currey was considered a delicacy served to pilgrims and was even used as currency, exchanged at events such as weddings. Grant Singleton of the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines says rats are regularly eaten in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, parts of the Philippines, and in Indonesia, Thailand, Ghana, China and Vietnam. 

mice and their tastes

Types of mice and their tastes

 Singleton says he has eaten rat meat at least six times in Vietnam's Mekong Delta. As for the taste, he says, "In the case of the rice field mouse, I consider it close to the taste of a rabbit."Singleton also recalled his experience of eating rats in the highlands of Laos and the lower delta of Myanmar. Farmers in Laos' northern highlands can identify at least five species of rat based on their taste, he says. Some communities in Africa have an ancient tradition of eating rats. In Nigeria, for example, the African giant rat is considered a favorite among all ethnic groups."It is considered a delicacy and is more expensive than beef or fish," says Mojesola Oyarikwa of Nigeria's University of Science and Technology, Afaki Ekiti. It is delicious and can be eaten roasted, dried or boiled.'So why do people eat rats? Is this what they desperately need? After tasting rats in different countries, Gates says that people do it by choice rather than forced by food shortages. Rats may not currently be on the menu at your favorite neighborhood restaurant, but as we become more adventurous with food globally, it's not unreasonable to think that rats may one day be on Western menus. Can be seen more often.

 Just try it, you might like it because despite all that, it's the tastiest meat Kiwis have ever tasted.

Britain, Italy and Japan announce to develop warplanes using artificial intelligence

 

British Prime Minister Rishi Sonic is to announce the development of a fighter jet with Italy and Japan that will be able to use artificial intelligence.

The British Prime Minister says that this joint cooperation aims to create thousands of jobs in the UK and strengthen defense ties. The three countries will jointly develop the next-generation fighter jet by the mid-2030s, which will replace the Typhoon jet.This new and modern aircraft has been named Tempest Jet and is expected to be equipped with the latest weapons.The aircraft is already under development and aims to develop a combat aircraft capable of high-speed radar evasion on the battlefront, with advanced sensors and even when the pilot is under extreme stress or pressure. If they are excited, they can be assisted by artificial intelligence. And this fighter aircraft will be able to fly without the guidance of a pilot if required and it will also have the ability to launch hypersonic missiles under an automatic system.Developing such an advanced and complex fighter jet is an extremely expensive task, as the F-35 fighter jet is the most expensive fighter jet the Pentagon has ever built. So the UK is looking for parts to build this future fighter jet. In this regard, Italy is already collaborating with the United Kingdom in this work, and Japan's participation is considered an important initiative. And this is happening at a time when Britain is improving relations with allies in the Indo-Pacific region and is concerned about China's growing influence in the region. Other countries may still join the development partnership, as France, Germany and Spain, like the US, are already working on their future fighter jets.

For the UK, this agreement will not only be significant in terms of defense and security, but also has economic benefits. It is expected that the development of the new and advanced aircraft will create thousands of stable jobs in the UK and pave the way for arms exports. The British Prime Minister will inaugurate the first and most important phase of the project on Friday at RAF RAF Base in Lincolnshire.Before his visit, he said that the security of Britain for today and future generations has always been the top priority of the government. That is why we must continue to acquire the latest technology for defense so that we can defeat those who seek to harm Britain.He said that this international partnership with Japan and Italy announced today is under this objective. He also said that the security of the Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific region is also very important.The British Prime Minister said that this modern and next-generation fighter jet that we are developing will not only protect us and our allies around the world, but will also set the tone for our defense capability around the world and save lives. Employment opportunities will also be created while saving.'While John Healy, the shadow defense minister of Britain's opposition Labor Party, says that his party supports the project, but he has warned about the training of this aircraft."Ministers will have to clarify how this will fit in with the wider future plans of the British Air Force," he said. And how will they avoid delays in pilot training to fly this high-speed fighter jet?

What are the characteristics of the plane named Tempest?

 This plane named 'Tempest' will be able to read the minds of the pilots using artificial intelligence. The Tempest jet plane is being developed by BAE Systems of UK in collaboration with Rolls Royce, European Missile Group, MDBA and Italy's Leonardo. It should be noted that the first images of the Tempest fighter jet were released in 2018. It has undergone a lot of changes since then. Its weight has been reduced and its volume has also been reduced. One of the features of this aircraft will be its artificial intelligence that will assist the pilot in times of extreme stress. Sensitive sensors in the pilot's helmet will monitor his brain signals and medical data. Thus, after several flights, the aircraft's artificial intelligence will collect extensive biometric and psychometric data. This library of pilot-specific features will enable the aircraft's artificial intelligence to sense at any time whether the pilot needs assistance or not. For example, if the pilot loses consciousness due to the force of gravity while flying, the artificial intelligence will take over the control of the plane. The production of this aircraft will also be largely automated. Robots on production lines will continue to provide data to the supplier so that the required parts can be delivered on time. During this project, BAE Systems and Leonardo will also collaborate with Japan's Mitsubishi, whose FX aircraft project is very similar to the Tempest. The makers of the Tempest ship hope that artificial intelligence will enable the pilot to be less overwhelmed by the flow of information he receives. The entire project is being developed in conjunction with the MBDA arms company, under which the missiles fired from the Tempest will be handed over to its companion drone that will assist it in reaching the target.

Is the era of Airplane Mode nearing its end?

 

Air passengers in the European Union will soon be allowed to use their mobile phones in full without having to use 'airplane mode' while sitting on the plane. The European Commission has directed that airlines can provide 5G technology services including all types of mobile data in flights. This means passengers no longer have to switch their phones to airplane mode as soon as they board a flight. However, it is still being determined how this directive will be implemented.EU member states have been instructed to make the 5G frequency band available by June 30, 2023. This means that people will be able to use all the features of their phone during the flight like connecting calls, using internet apps for music and videos, etc.

 Thierry Breton, Commissioner of the European Union for the Internal Market, has said that this project will provide unique facilities for people and will be a good opportunity for European companies to grow. He says, 'High-speed and high-capacity communication systems create enormous possibilities.'The European Commission has reserved specific frequency bands for flights since 2008. In this way, internet access was given to certain facilities during the flight. However, the service has historically been slow because it uses satellite products that connect aircraft and people on the ground. But the new system can take advantage of the fast download speed of 5G. According to mobile network EE, it can be over 100 Mbps, and thus it is possible to download a movie in a few minutes. Day Whittingham, head of Britain's Flight Safety Committee, told the BBC: "Historically, airplane mode has been important because we didn't know what effect mobile devices had on airplanes.""There was concern that the mobile signal could interfere with the automatic flight control system," he says. But now we know from experience that the risk of this intervention is shallow. It has always been recommended to keep all devices on airplane mode when you are on a flight.

Concerns have also been raised in the United States that the 5G frequency could disrupt aircraft flight and it was suggested that it could cause aircraft altitude measurements to be corrupted. However, Whittingham has said that it has not been an issue in the UK and the EU. There is very little chance of interference. There is a different frequency for 5G and its power settings are different here compared to the US.

 He says that the traveling public wants 5G. Regulators will likely allow this. But some measures will be taken to ensure safety. The BBC has tried to find out the position of the British Civil Aviation Authority in this regard, but no decision has been taken so far.

India: Twin sisters marry same man, case filed

 

Two twin sisters have married the same man in the Solapur district of Maharashtra state, India. They say that they have grown up together and want to stay together. Sisters Rinki and Pinky work in the IT sector in Mumbai, and according to the local police, both had decided as children that they would marry the same person and move into the same house. Groom Atul runs a travel agency business Arun Sugavankar said that both of them got married at the will of the family. But marriage has now become controversial.

What does Indian law say?

After the wedding video and pictures went viral on social media, a local man filed a police report against them for violating the law. According to Indian law, such marriage is a crime in Hinduism. According to the law, as long as one spouse is alive, a person cannot remarry. Doing so is punishable with up to seven years imprisonment and a fine. However, lawyer Asim Sarode told the BBC that if the two women enter a marriage of their own free will, then not be considered a crime. He says, "Two marriages are customary in many parts of the country." Girls are ready to live with a husband, so other people can't do anything about it, can't interfere.' After the news of the marriage spread, Rupali Chakankar of the state women's commission also demanded an inquiry and legal action. He wrote on Twitter that this is an offense under Section 496 of the Indian Penal Code. It should be immediately investigated and legal action is taken. They were also surprised to give more information about this, hotel owner Nana Gallande told BBC that the wedding took place on the afternoon of December 2. He said that they initially contacted us to organize the wedding ceremony. At that time we were also surprised. After planning the wedding, he first spoke to the girls as a hotel owner. He said that the girls said that both the girls are highly educated. The girls said that we have decided to marry this boy of their own free will. After making sure that both of them were getting married of their own free will, he obtained all their identity card details and then allowed the marriage in his hotel.

Both the girls got married in the same mandap

 The girls lived with their mother. He got to know Atul. Once when the mother and daughters were sick, she used to go to the hospital in Atul's car. As Atul helped the family through this wrong time, this closeness gradually became love. After the report against him, the police told BBC Marathi, "We are investigating the incident and it will be better to say something about it only after that."

Who is the 'Golden Gise' of wearing more than three kilos of gold?

 

The Golden Guys are among the recent guests on India's popular reality show Bigg Boss.

 Wearing thick gold chains around their necks, thick gold bracelets on their wrists, and gold shoes, Sunny Nana Sahib Waghchoor and Sanjay Gurjar were first seen sitting in the audience of The Kapil Sharma Show when they caught the attention of Kapil Sharma, the host of the show. Drawn to the side. During the promotions of the 2016 film Great Grand Masti, the film's star cast Vivek Oberoi, Riteish Deshmukh, and Aftab Shivdasani came to 'The Kapil Sharma Show when these youngsters appeared on the show. Since then he has appeared as a guest in almost every show in India.

Who are these Golden Guys?

Golden Guys belong to the Pune region of Maharashtra. Growing up in Pune, Golden Guys have been wearing gold jewelry since childhood. Both wear three kilos or more of gold daily. He is also known as 'Goldman' in Pune. One of them is Sunny Nana Sahib Waghchoor who is also fondly called Nana. He has made a gold chain named 'Nana' for his father, which he is often seen wearing. Sunny is married to model-actress Preeti Soni. Another golden cow Sanjay Gurjar is fondly called Bunty Gurjar. Sanjay's lucky number is seven and he is often seen wearing a large gold chain of that number around his neck.

 In 2013, Sunny Waghchur also played a small role in Vivek Oberoi's film 'Zila Ghaziabad'.In fact, in 2012, the two started financing films. Along with film finance, he also has a personal business. They are in the scrap, real estate, and construction businesses. He has rented many warehouses, flats, and houses. They have two hotels and a resort in Pune. Sunny, his father and his elder brother together look after all these businesses. On the other hand, Bunty and Bunty's elder brother, who is a politician, manages the business. Golden Guys also have ties with Salman Khan's family. Salman Khan's younger brother Sohail Khan calls Golden Guys his friend. Both rose to fame after The Kapil Sharma Show and became social media stars He appeared as a guest in several other TV reality shows including Indian Idol, and The Khatra Show. Both have millions of followers on social media. He often shares pictures of meeting movie stars on social media. The Golden Guys also appeared in the video of Ansari Mohsin and Nikita Roy's song 'Dono Yaara' in 2021 and Starboy LOC's song 'Nach Basanti' in 2022. He often attends local events in Pune as a celebrity. He often shares his rich lifestyle on his social media. Both of them have also started an NGO called 'Golden Guys' in which they provide daily food to poor children in Pune and help the needy.

Sleep and relationship

 Golden Guys hail from Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra. Sunny was born on 2 January 1990 in Pune and Sanjay was born on 27 January 1985. Raised in Pune, the Golden Guys are childhood friends. He completed his education at DY Patil College. In Kapil Sharma's show, he told that the college belongs to him. Actually, the land of the college belongs to him and he also got the construction done. Both have been wearing gold jewelry since childhood. Both belong to a joint family which has 58 members. Sunny Waghchoor and Sanjay Gurjar's obsession with gold is not limited to gold jewelry are also fond of expensive cars. Both own several expensive cars including BMW, Mercedes, Audi, Range Rover, and Jaguar. They have gold-plated some of these expensive vehicles. When the gold plate cars come on the road, two or four cars go back and forth to protect them from damage. Apart from jewelry and cars, they also have phones, shoes, watches, and gold bicycles.

The Golden Guys are accompanied by two bodyguards for security whenever they go out.

Why do we kiss on the lips and what does it tell us about each other? Description of the article Author, Will Sparks

 

Have romantic movies exaggerated the importance of kissing or is it really an important way to know if the one we want is our true love? Be that as it may, the first kiss has always been very important. But why is kissing so special and why do humans do it? One theory is that it is human nature to touch or kiss the lips. Under this theory, it is believed that human lips are associated with positive attitudes after drinking ma other's milk.

There is another suggestion, perhaps not so pleasant, that the practice of lip-to-lip kissing arose because, in the evolutionary past of humans, mothers chewed food and put it into their babies' mouths.T his process is called 'premastication food transfer' in which the newborn is given food that does not need to be chewed and can be easily digested. This practice can still be seen in monkeys. F fortunately, this is no longer the case in humans because with the advancement of science we now have soft foods available to give to babies.

Another important reason is that our lips are a very sensitive part of the body. And it is among the few sensitive parts that are not covered by clothes. An interesting theory has emerged regarding this. Anthropologist William Jankowiak says, "The more clothes we wear, the more the frequency of kissing increases, while on the other hand, with fewer clothes, this frequency decreases.""One thing that stands out is that even today in these ancient groups and communities where hunting is practiced and people wear scantily clad clothes, we don't find examples of kissing." In all other places in the world where hunter-gatherers are found, they do not wear clothes. That is, they can also use other sensitive parts of the body. But when you put on more clothes, you're left with a human face for sensory experience.' And finally, another reason is given which is probably related to human evolution. According to this theory, when humans are close to each other, they can smell each other. However, according to an analysis, less than half of the human population kisses the lips. Professor William Jankowiak examined 168 cultures around the world. According to their research, about 46 percent of people kiss lips to lips romantically. This number does not include parents kissing their children or, as is the case in many societies, kissing when meeting. Speaking to the BBC, Professor William Jankowiak said, "I think the important thing is that this human need can be fulfilled in many ways other than kissing."However, he says, what is interesting is that as social complexity increases, so does the tendency to kiss.

But how did this practice begin?

 The earliest written evidence we have of such behavior in history comes from the 33500-year-old Hindu Vedic Sanskrit.

 Shirl Kirshenbaum, the author of 'The Science of KKissing says, 'Well, there are many cultures that model kissing on the lips, but there is also a male kiss, which Darwin wrote about when women lie on the ground. They would go and men would smell them from above.'

 'Then the Trobriand Islands where I saw the most surprising custom. When I went there for research, I came to know that the custom is that lovers scratch each other's eyelids. Most of us would find this a very unromantic act, but for them, it is a way of showing love.'

 Shirl Kirshenbaum says that whatever the method, the intention behind it is to gain each other's trust so that we can become closer to them.

 However, lip-to-lip kissing is limited to humans.

 But here the question arises if kissing is an evolutionary process, why do we not see such practice in animals? A few birds have a custom of fighting beaks, while a few mammals have a custom of sniffing each other to distinguish between friend and foe.

 However, there are very few animals that have evidence of lip kissing.

 One reason for this may be that humans have a much weaker sense of smell than animals who can smell each other without being too close.

 But humans have to be closer to each other for this and maybe that is why the lip kiss came into being. There is also the question of why this practice is not found in every culture and will this method always remain so?

 Shirl Kirshenbaum says that the practice of kissing has declined over time and in different places around the world. She says there are many reasons for this, one of which is da disease. "Humans have known for a long time that it is important to stay away from certain things to avoid disease," he said. Because according to them it was only their authority.' "However, despite restrictions, disease, and epidemics, the practice of kissing has returned time and again throughout human history."