Mound of the dead': A 'modern city' with a population of 40,000 in Pakistan, where the residents went, nothing is known.

 

QIn the plains of Pakistan's dusty southern province of Sindh lie some of the most astonishing ruins of an ancient civilization most of the world has never heard of.  When the atmosphere in this ancient city and the world was examined, light breezes reduced the intensity of the heat. People could see the climbing paths and kanji through the red bricks, which came to connect the web of different neighborhoods.

 An ancient round Buddhist dome stood in decay beneath a stepped bathing pool. There are only a few people here.

 Among the ruins of the city of Larkana, an hour's drive from the main city was the ancient city called Moen Jo Daro. Today the famous ruins of the city remain, 4,500 years ago it was not only one of the oldest economies in the world but a thriving region with the most advanced military infrastructure for its time.

  Moin-jo-Daro, meaning 'dead mound' in Sindhi, was the largest bronze of a mine-prosperous Indus Valley Civilization (also known as the Hara Civilization) in the northeast-central. Looked forward from Afghanistan to northwestern India.

 Believed to have been inhabited by at least 40,000 people, the city flourished from 2500 BC to 1700 BC.

Irshad Ali Solangi is a local guide working in Moen

Jo Daru is from his family's lineage. "It was a social center with social, cultural, economic, and religious links with Mesopotamia and Egypt," explained Solangi.

 But compared to ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, which flourished simultaneously, Moen Jo Daro's name was heard by very few outside Pakistan. It was destroyed by 1700 BC, and to this day no one is quite sure why the city's inhabitants moved or left

 

India: Chersi rats devoured 200 kg of drugs

 

Rats have been accused of drinking alcohol and eating hashish in India in the past 

Police in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh has told a court that rats have eaten nearly 200 kilograms of hashish recovered from drug dealers. The Uttar Pradesh court said that rats are very 'small animals' and have no fear of the police and it is not easy to protect hashish from rats. The court had ordered the police to testify in a drug-related case. In his ruling, the judge cited three court cases in which rats destroyed hemp and marijuana. Judge Sanjay Choudhary wrote in his judgment that the police had been asked to produce the seized drugs in court as evidence, but the police told the court that the rats had wasted 195 kg of hashish.

In another case, the police had filed a report in the court that some of the 386 kgs of hashish had been eaten by rats. Judge Sanjay Chaudhary cited another case in which the Uttar Pradesh police had told the court that 700 kilograms of seized hashish were lying in a police station where it was under threat from rats. The judge wrote that the police have no expertise to stop rats because they are so small. The judge suggested that the only way to protect the seized drugs from 'fearless little animals' is to sell them to medical companies and laboratories and deposit the proceeds into the government coffers.MP Singh, a senior police officer of Mathura district, said that the drugs stored in police stations in his area were damaged not by rats but by heavy rains.

In 2018, an Argentine court ordered the dismissal of eight police officers who blamed rats for the disappearance of half a ton of marijuana. The experts had refused to accept the police's position that the rats would mistake marijuana for food. Experts believed that if this had happened, a large number of dead rats should have been found in the police warehouse. A report published in 2019 stated that when rats were fed cannabis in a laboratory, it was found that the rats became sluggish and their body temperature also decreased. In 2017, police in the Indian state of Bihar took the stand that rats had consumed thousands of liters of seized liquor a year after the ban on alcohol in the state.n 2018, in the Indian state of Assam, when technicians went to fix a malfunctioning ATM machine, they found currency notes worth twelve lakh rupees shredded. This suspicion was also demonstrated in rats.

Poland's football team leaves for Doha under the protection of F-16 planes

A surprising scene was witnessed when the Polish team left the country to join the Football World Cup in Qatar on Thursday.

Two F-16 fighter jets were also in the air alongside the plane of the Polish national football team traveling to Qatar. A video was also posted along with the tweet and at the end, it can be seen writing 'Thank you and salute the pilots!'Photos taken by the team showed one of the F-16 pilots holding a national squad sign in his cockpit window. The team's official Twitter account posted a video showing a pair of F-16 fighter jets flying alongside the team's plane. It should be remembered that during the war between Russia and Ukraine, two people were killed in Poland a few days ago when a missile fell. Since the incident, the Polish army has been put on high alert, and the departure of fighter jets accompanying the football team is been in the same context in Plocal Polish media. a. The tweet of the official Twitter account stated that "we were taken to the southern border of Poland along with F-16 jets."

Qatar Football World Cup 

After arriving in Qatar, the Polish team will play their first match against the Mexican team on November 22 and four days later they will face Saudi Arabia. P and is in Group C which includes Argentina, Saudi Arabia, and Mexico. Poland's final group stage match will occur on November 30 when they face Lionel Messi's Argentina. Barcelona star striker Robert Lewandowski and his men will be looking to take Poland to the knockout stages for the first time since 1986. Poland's current team has not been historically successful in football, but almost all of the players in this World Cup are playing in the world's major leagues and are technically strong.

No permission or lack of money to play barefoot: When India missed a rare opportunity to play in the World Cup

 

The Football World Cup is going to start on November 20 in Qatar. After this competition between the 32 best teams playing football around the world, it will be decided who is the king of the football world. According to FIFA, the governing body of football around the world, the World Cup, which will begin on November 20, will be watched by about five billion people live and through screens. This number will be one billion more than the 2018 World Cup viewers. The World Cup in Qatar is the 22nd World Cup football event overall. But there is no enthusiasm among the Indian sports fans for this game, as till now India too like Pakistan has not participated in this tournament even once. Although India never made it to the Football World Cup, very few fans of the game would know that there was a time when India could make it to the Football World Cup. It will be hard to believe but the fact is that the Indian football team was going to participate in the World Cup played in Brazil 72 years ago in 1950 but the Bujo team could not participate in it. 

How did India get a chance to participate in the World Cup?

 In fact, World Cup football could not be held in 1942 and 1946 due to the Second World War.  In 1950, the World Cup was about to take place after 12 years of waiting.  Only 33 countries agreed to play in the qualifying round for the World Cup in BraziIndia was placed in the qualifying Group 10 along with Burma (Myanmar) and the Philippines.  But Burma and the Philippines withdrew their names from the qualifying round That is, India had qualified for the World Cup competitions without playing.  The start date of the World Cup competitions was not far away and the Indian team was going to get a chance to showcase its achievements in the Football World Cup for the first time. d.l.e.

India's group in the 1950 World Cup. 

When the draft was held for the final round of the 1950 World Cup football, India was placed in the third pool along with Sweden, Italy, and Paraguay.

 What would have happened if India had participated in this tournament?

 In this regard, the late football journalist Novi Kapadia wrote in the World Cup Football Guidebook that "At that time, Paraguay's team was not very strong, Italy did not include eight of its main players in the team due to discipline." The condition of the team was so bad that coach Vittorio Pozo resigned after reaching Brazil.

The Swedish team was in a very good position against India, in that sense, India could have finished second in the group but the team needed to take advantage of this great opportunity."

What was the condition of the Indian football team?

In the 1990s, the Indian football team did not play many matches at the international level, but the Indian team had a reputation as a good playing team. A glimpse of this was also shown by the Indian team in the 1948 London Olympic Games. India lost to a strong team like France by a mere margin of 1-2. During this era, the Indian football team was trying to make its mark due to its forward and dribbler play. Players like Ahmed Khan, S Raman, MA Sattar, and S Metal were the masters of the game. All these Indian players came to London Olympics to play football barefoot. However, right-back Taj Muhammad played wearing boots.

Why the team could not participate in Brazil's World Cup?

There is no clear answer as to why the Indian football team did not participate in the 1950 World Cup.

However, as per the official reason given by the All India Football Federation (AIFF), the team withdrew due to differences in team selection and insufficient time for practice. But there have been many debates over the years, the most talked about being that Indian players wanted to play barefoot football and FIFA did not approve it. But apart from Navi Kapadia, a recent book by senior sports journalist Jaideep Basu doesn't give much credence to this cause either. In the book 'Box to Box: 75 Years of the Indian Football Team' edited by Jaydeep Basu, it is written that "There was no question of FIFA objecting to Indian players playing barefoot."Referring to the seven octogenarians who competed in the London Olympics, Jaideep Basu wrote that "seven octogenarians of this team had spiked boots in their travel bags and it was a matter of player choice."In fact, this was the era when football players preferred to play with thick bandages on their feet and by 1954 this trend was also present in many other countries of the world.

Was it the lack of money?

One of the reasons for India's non-participation in the World Cup is economic. But this claim also does not seem to be true. Jaideep Basu states in his book that there was a cost issue for the team to reach Brazil, but it was resolved. He wrote that at that time the three state-level football associations of India had assured to contribute towards the expenses. Not only this, Navi Kapadia states in his book that in March and April, Brazil approached the Indian Football Association and assured to pay most of the team's expenses. According to Navi Kapadia's book, there were two reasons for Brazil's confidence, one was that teams from Scotland, France, Turkey, and Czechoslovakia had also withdrawn their names from the Football World Cup. And secondly, Brazil wanted the monuments of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. According to Jaydeep Basu's book, India announced the World Cup squad on 16 May 1950. According to India's proposed schedule, the Indian team will leave for Brazil on June 15 and India's first match was to be played against Paraguay on June 25. But what happened next, Jaydeep Basu calls it the biggest unsolved mystery in the world of Indian football.

However, books by Navi Kapadia and Jaydeep Basu show that neither the Indian footballers nor the football authorities of the time understood the significance of the occasion. In fact, at that time the Indian hockey team had become the champion team of the Olympic Games and the ultimate measure of popularity for every player was the same. In such a situation, the Indian football team focused on better performance in the Olympic Games for both the players and the people running the game. Apart from this, the 1951 Asian Games were also scheduled to be held in Delhi. As the host team, India aimed to do well in this one. It is important to mention here that till 1950 the football world cup was not as famous in the world as it was in later years. Then it was a sports tournament devoid of glamour.

Ignorance of laws  

It also appears that the Indian football authorities may have taken such a decision due to a lack of knowledge of the rules. In fact, the players participating in the Football World Cup used to get the tag of professional players at that time. The fact that the athletes were professionals meant that they were not allowed to participate in the Olympics and the Asian Games. Because in those days the players participating in these tournaments were called amateurs. There were loopholes to this rule, however, as Hungary, Russia and other socialist countries claimed that players participating in the Football World Cup were members of the military, claiming that members of the military could not be professionals. But probably the Indian football officials didn't know that much then. The Indian Football Association may have decided not to participate in the 1950 World Cup for fear of being excluded from the Asian Games and the Olympic Games. But the decision turned out to be a blunder that has haunted Indian sports fans for the past 72 years. 

Guru Tegh Bahadur who refused to bow down to Aurangzeb whose death led to the downfall of the Mughals

 

Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Guru of the SikhsGuru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Guru of the Sikhs

On August 11, 1664, a group of Sikhs from Delhi reached the village of Bakala in Punjab. Six months before his death, Harakshan, the eighth Guru of Sikhism, announced that his successor would be found in Bakala.

A special meeting of the Sikhs was convened at Bakala and it was announced that the title of Guru and the throne would be handed over to Tegh Bahadur. In a traditional ceremony, Gurudita Randhawa applied saffron tilak on the Guru's forehead, offered him a coconut and five paise, and seated him on the Guru's throne.

Khushant Singh writes that 'Guru Tegh Bahadur left Bakala and went to Amritsar, where the doors of Harmandar Sahib were closed. From there he went to the city of Kiratpur where his father lived. After that, he settled in a new village five kilometers away from Kiratpur, which he named Anandpur. This place is now known as Anandpur Sahib, but even here his enemies did not allow him to live in peace.

Arrest

Guru Tegh Bahadur was born in 1621.  He was the youngest son of the sixth Sikh Guru Hargobind.  After staying in Anandpur for a few days, Guru Tegh Bahadur decided to go to eastern India.  On the way he was arrested by the Mughal troops led by Alam Khan and taken to DelhHistorians do not agree on why he was arrested.  Khushwant Singh writes that this was done at the instigation of Ram Rai, a resident of the Mughal court.  Guru Tegh Bahadur was accused of disturbing the peace historian Fauja Singh disagrees.  They say that Ram Rai had accepted Tegh Bahadur as his guru by then and had no ill intentions toward him 

Appearance and release of Aurangzeb 

Sarbpreet Singh in his book tory of Sikhs' writes that 'Whatever the reasons for his arrest, Guru Tegh Bahadur was arrested and taken to Delhi on November 8, 1665. Guru Tegh Bahadur was presented before the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.¬

Addressing Emperor Aurangzeb, Guru Tegh Bahadur said, 'I am not a Hindu, I do not believe in the supremacy of the Vedas, worship of idols and other rituals, but I respect the Hindu religion and its religious beliefs and I will live with them in a good manner. I will continue to fight for my rights.

But these words of Guru Tegh Bahadur had no effect on Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Many scholars in Aurangzeb's court told him that the Guru's growing influence could be a threat to Islam. At one point, Aurangzeb had decided to execute Guru Tegh Bahadur, but one of his Rajput ministers, Raja Ram Singh, pleaded to let him live, which Aurangzeb accepted. A month later, in December, all charges against Guru Tegh Bahadur were withdrawn and he was released. As soon as he was released, he resumed his journey eastward and reached Patna via Mathura, Agra, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, and Bodh Gaya. Guru Tegh Bahadur's wife Mata Gujri decided to stay there but Guru Tegh Bahadur left for Dhaka to meet his followers. While in Dhaka, he received news that a son was born to him, who was named Gobind Rai, who later became known as Guru Gobind Singh in Sikhism.

Stayed in Assam for three years 

Meanwhile, Emperor Aurangzeb entrusted Raja Ram Singh with the responsibility of crushing the rebellion of the King of Kamrup. In those days, Kamrup was considered dangerous, famous for its brave warriors and 'black magic.

Raja Ram Singh had complete faith in the spiritual power of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Raja Ram Singh requested Guru Tegh Bahadur to accompany him in his campaign to Kamrup. The Guru could not refuse his request.

Sarbpreet Singh writes that the Guru spent about three years in Assam during the war, during which he sometimes played the role of mediator. On his return, he could not meet his wife in Patna as he was receiving constant messages that she was needed in Punjab. He returned to the Chak Nanki throne in March 1672. His journey took him to places no other Sikh Guru except Guru Nanak had visited.

Pandits of Kashmir

On 25 May 1675, when Guru Tegh Bahadur was sitting in a Sangat Anandpur Sahib, a group of people from Kashmir came to meet him. This group was led by Pandit Karpa Ram Beech. He folded his hands and told the Guru that the religion of his ancestors, which has been practiced for thousands of years, is in danger.

The governor of Kashmir, Iftikhar Khan, representing Emperor Aurangzeb, ordered them to convert to Islam or else they will be put to death.

Guru Tegh Bahadur did not immediately respond to Kripa Ram's request but was heartbroken to hear about his suffering. In his biography of Guru Tegh Bahadur, Hari Ram Gupta writes that the Guru asked the Brahmins of Kashmir to tell the Emperor's representatives that if Guru Tegh Bahadur accepted Islam, he would also change his religion.

Hari Ram Gupta writes that 'Aurangzeb objected to the fact that all the Sikhs called the Guru the 'true king'. Aurangzeb took this to mean that the Guru wanted to propagate that he was the true emperor and that the ruler of India was a fake emperor.

Aurangzeb was also reluctant to use 'Bahadur' with the Guru's name as it was a title given to dignitaries in the Mughal court.

Mughal emperor Aurangzeb ordered that Guru Tegh Bahadur be brought before him in Delhi and forced to convert to Islam or face death.

Questions and answers from Guru Tegh Bahadur

After receiving this order from the Mughal Emperor, Guru Tegh Bahadur bade farewell to his family and companions and announced that his son Gobind Rai would succeed him as the next Guru. On 11 July 1675, Guru Tegh Bahadur left for Delhi along with his five followers Bhai Matidas, his younger brother Sati Das, Bhai Dayala, Bhai Jeeta, and Bhai Uday.

 After walking a short distance, he sent Bhai Uday and Bhai Jeeta to Delhi to get more news.

A day later, he was arrested by Hakim Mirza Noor Muhammad Khan of Ropar police station in village Rangharan in Malikpur. From Ropar, the Guru and his three companions were taken to Sirhind under heavy guard. After that, he was sent to Delhi's Chandni Chowk police station.

 During these four months of imprisonment, the Guru and his three companions were subjected to great torture.

Guru Tegh Bahadur's biographer Harbans Singh Virdi writes in his book 'Guru Tegh Bahadur, the Savior of Hindus and India' that 'in Delhi, the Guru was taken to the Red Fort along with his three companions. Many questions were asked of the Guru about Hinduism and Sikhism. He was also asked why he sacrificed his life for those who wear the sacred thread and get a tattoo on the forehead.

The Guru's reply was that the Hindus had become weak and had therefore come to seek refuge in Nanak's court. If the Muslims had also sought their help in this way, they too would have sacrificed their lives for them

Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's warning

Dr. Terlochan Singh in his book 'Guru Tegh Bahadur Prophet and Shaheed' writes that 'Aurangzeb entered the Diwan Aam at nine in the morning and reached his balcony. He was dressed in white silk. A jeweled dagger was tied around his waist. He had a white turban on his head. Eunuchs stood on either side of the emperor, fanning him with fans made of yak tails and peacock feathers. were giving

The emperor already knew about Sikhism. He also knew that Sikhs were against idolatry like Muslims. He had high hopes of persuading the Guru to convert to Islam because of the ideological affinity between the two religions.

King Aurangzeb said to Guru Tegh Bahadur you neither believe in idolatry nor believe in these Brahmins, so why have you come before us with their case?

Guru Tegh Bahadur Shahshana failed to satisfy and convince Aurangzeb. In the end, he was clearly told by the court that he should accept Islam or be ready to die. Guru Tegh Bahadur was put in an iron cage and chained.

 Emperor Aurangzeb sent several messengers to Guru Tegh Bahadur but the Guru remained steadfast. One day the head of the jail said to the master that the king wants him to accept Islam. If it is not possible for you to do this, perform a miracle so that they will know that you are a holy man.

Harbans Singh Virdi writes 'The Guru replied, My friend, miracles mean the grace and favor of God. He does not allow magic to be shown to the world. If his grace is misused, he will be angry. It does not need to be displayed. Because everyday miracles are happening in front of us. Isn't it a miracle that the emperor is giving death sentences to others but he has no idea that one day he too has to die.?

Why is good sleep important for a better sex life?

In most research on sleep, it is considered a solitary behavior, regardless of whether married people do not sleep alone.  Dr. Wendy Troxell has researched how a couple's sexual and romantic relationship is affected by sleep deprivation. They have concluded that good sleep is essential for good sex.  Dr. Wendy has been researching the sleep habits of different couples for the past 15 years according to them, sleeping is not something that should be considered as a solitary act.  It is the behavior of any couple that they do in each other's presence "I have been researching sleep for the last 15 years and it is a health-related topic," he says.  A good night's sleep is a matter of debate for even a couple.  However, it is often considered a subject of personal status in research If you can't sleep well, it means you can't be a good partner. If your mood changes, you may be depressed, in which case you may argue and your interactions with others are affected. You become less sensitive and thus do not understand your partner's feelings. She adds that sleep doesn't just affect you personally, it affects your entire life. According to research on sexual health, if a man sleeps less than four hours a day for several days, his testosterone levels can decrease by 10%. Lack of sleep also affects women's hormones. According to research, healthy sleep can increase a woman's sex potential by 14%, as a couple's sex life is affected by sleep. Research has also revealed that if a person sleeps with a partner, their sleep improves. Good sleep duration can improve the quality of mental, physical, and sexual life. However, if both people in a couple are not getting a good night's sleep, problems can arise. A habit of one partner may disturb the sleep of the other. For example, bad sleeping habits, sleeping spread out across the bed, and snoring can disrupt sleep. It is also possible that a disorder is causing sleep disturbance. As diseases in elderly couples affect sleep and this affects the duration of sleep. Older age can cause problems like insomnia and menopause. According to experts, sleep is also related to the temperature of the room and the type of mattress. Why does good sleep mean better sex? There are many reasons for this as the subject of sleep has started to be neglected in the current social life. Everyone wants a good night's sleep, everyone talks about it and many people take to social media to compare their friends who get a good night's sleep. But according to health experts, sleep is directly related to sex, hormones, and overall life

Six Tips for a Better Night's Sleep

The question is what should be done so that sleep is not disturbed. Here are six tips for better sleep in one of our reports:

Set light limits in the evening

The use of mobile phones and laptops is becoming common these days like an addiction. Many people spend hours watching dramas and movies on laptops but few know that doing so affects our sleep badly.

Just a few nights of poor sleep can wreak havoc on health

Professor Malcolm von Schantz of the University of Surrey suggests that the use of these devices (mobile phones, laptops, etc.) should be stopped an hour and a half before going to bed.

Be punctual

 It's tempting to stay up late the night before the weekend, but timing is essential to maintaining good sleep.

Going to bed at the same time every day is helpful. The more significant the change in daily sleep time, the greater the health risk.

The bedroom should be comfortable

It is common for many people to have laptops and chargers scattered around the bed, but if we want to sleep well, it is very important to understand that the more comfortable your bedroom is, the better the sleep. It will be good.

It is better to keep phones, laptops, and other electronic devices in another room. Instead of setting the alarm on your phone, you should buy an alarm clock.

Cooling in the room also plays an important role. It is easier for the body to sleep in a cool environment than in a hot one.

daylight

Our body clock works according to the times of sunrise and sunset. But many of us do not get the full benefit of daylight due to sleeping late in the morning.

By opening the house's curtains in the morning, you can get more daylight. If possible, exercise should be done in the morning. By doing this, you can sleep well at night.

Things to do before bed

Some things to do before sleeping If you do it every day, the body will know that it is time to sleep. Reading books, listening to songs, and bathing are some such activities.

As soon as you start doing them, the body will start preparing itself for sleep.

By doing this every day, the body gets used to it and the body understands that it is time to sleep.

 Stay away from caffeine

You may have noticed that drinking coffee late at night makes you sleepy. This is because of the caffeine in coffee.

But caffeine is not only found in coffee but also in tea and many cold drinks.

Drinking tea or coffee in the evening can also affect your sleep because the effect of caffeine lasts for five to nine hours on our body.

Elon Musk wants to make it possible to travel anywhere on Earth in 1 hour

 

He said while addressing online on the occasion of the G20 conference / Reuters photo

Elon Musk, the owner of companies like Tesla, SpaceX, and Twitter, wants to set up rocket platforms around the world to provide people with the fastest travel facilities. During an online address from the sidelines of the G20 conference in Bali, Indonesia, Elon Musk said he wants rocket platforms worldwide. He said that by doing this, people will be able to travel to other parts of the earth at 20 times the speed of sound." I think if we can travel to any part of the world in less than an hour, the world will become truly accessible," he said. Keep in mind that this is not a new project of Elon Musk, but he has been talking about it for many years. Addressing a conference in Adelaide, Australia in September 2017, he said that SpaceX will develop the Big Flying Rocket (BFR) to send humans to Mars. He said that this rocket would not only be able to travel to Mars but would be able to travel to any part of the earth like a regular passenger plane. He said that this rocket will make it possible to travel to any part of the world in less than an hour. Now once again he has expressed such views. Addressing the G20 sidelines, among other topics, he said that the power went out 3 minutes before the video call and he is sitting in the dark because of that. When asked why he didn't come to Bali to attend the conference, he joked that his engagements had increased significantly after buying Twitter. When he was asked, what should a young person do if he wants to be successful like him? To which Elon Musk said, 'Be careful what you wish for, I don't know how many people can be like me. No competition'.

Elon Musk admits to criticism that there is no way we can please everyone.

What was the objection to the story of Joyland that 'threatened to set cinemas on fire'?

 

Pakistan's Oscar-nominated film Joyland was cleared by the Censor Board and was slated to release on November 18. But a few days ago, the information ministry suddenly canceled the censor certificate issued to the film saying that it contained 'highly objectionable content. The film won an award at the world's biggest film festival 'Cannes' in May and was well received globally. By the way, only a few people in Pakistan would have seen it, but a large number of people are active on social media both in support and against its release. In this case, Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif had to act and announced the formation of a committee to investigate the complaints against the film Joyland which will examine whether the film violates social and moral values. Not against. Joyland director Salem Sadiq has termed this 'sudden Uterine' of the Ministry of Information as 'unconstitutional and illegal. Meanwhile, according to the announcement issued by the Prime Minister's Office, after receiving complaints against Fam Joy Lead, an eight-member committee has been formed under the supervision of the Law Minister, which includes the Minister of Information, Minister of Communication, Minister of Investment, Ministry of Information Technology, Advisor to Prime Minister on Gilgit-Baltistan Affairs, Chairman PTA and Chairman PEMRA will also join.

 The committee has been directed to submit its recommendations by Tuesday, November 15.

The hero's name is Haider, we have an objection to that too.

 Jamaat-e-Islami Senator Mushtaq Ahmed, who objected to the role of a transgender in Joyland, has revealed that he has not seen the film but believes that it mainly promotes LGBTQ (homosexuality) culture. Made to give. Speaking to BBC Urdu, Senator Mushtaq Ahmad says that this is cultural terrorism and because of it, 'our values, traditions and family system, the institution of marriage and marriage, are all against it.' On the question of why he has not seen the film yet and why he is against it, he says, "See the film, you haven't seen it, I haven't seen it either, nobody has seen it." The film was to be released on November 18. Only the trailer of the film was released but there was confirmed information about the film that it was awarded in the LGBTQ category at Cannes. It should be noted that Joyland won the Jury Award at the Cannes Film Festival and there is no LGBTQ category at the event. Senator Mushtaq adds that "Now you know that LGBTQ is rejected not only by Pakistan but also by the OIC as a whole, so it is very clear that it is against our values." He says that the story of this film which has been reported in the media from reliable sources has the name of the hero as Haider, we have an objection to this too. One made Haider the hero and then made his love affair with a trans woman the focal point. The name of the trans woman is Biba. Biba you know he is a man but he is not satisfied with his gender and changes his gender. So this is the central story of a love affair between a man and a man. That is why it is a declaration of war against our values ​​and traditions. However, the story of the film, as given in the trailer and synopsis, is about how a young man falls in love with a trans woman. But Senator Mushtaq claims that there is a difference between eunuch and transgender. Transgender is a western term. Which means a person who has a reproductive system is physically fine. But is not satisfied with his gender due to his gender dysphoria or psychological disorder.

They will set fire to the cinema in which this film was shown.

 Senator Mushtaq raised his voice on the Senate floor on Joyland. It also appealed to the Federal Shariat Court and the government has banned its screening for now.

 Chairman Central Board of Film Censors Muhammad Tahir says that Senator Mushtaq Ahmed started the campaign and that this film has been made to support the transgender bill the government.

We have received similar complaints from many quarters that you are resorting to films to implement the Transgender Act."

He further said that 'threats were coming that we will set fire to the cinema where this film was released. Then it was said that transgenders will be killed, so in this situation, we withdrew the permission.

 Muhammad Tahir has admitted that 'there is nothing in the film' as claimed by Senator Mushtaq and other religious circles.

 Sayem Sadiq, writer, and director of Joyland, says that he has not been heard.

He said that 'from the point of view of the constitution, once the Censor Board has given permission to present the film, the ministry cannot suddenly give notice. They have to listen to our position once before doing so. They should have given us a hearing which was our legal right and we were not given that by the Ministry of Information.

According to Saim, the legal status of the Central Board of Film Censors is only up to the federal and the cities under its limits, i.e. Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, and Balochistan.

 But they also bypassed the powers given to the provinces under the 18th Amendment and as a pressure tactic, issued notices to the Punjab and Sindh Censor Boards to follow suit. We have done everything according to the law, but the ministry has done an illegal thing.

Former Information Minister Fawad Chaudhry has opined that such a campaign against a film "puts a weak minister under pressure" and most of the decision-makers are "those who don't even know what a film is".

'It's a problem of timing'

 Chairman Central Board of Film Censors Muhammad Tahir says transgenders were in danger. They are already living in so much difficulty, so we thought that God willing, there should be no abuse against them. This was done as a precautionary measure.

 He added that there is also a problem with timing. ’ (i.e.) at what time it is being released. If the same film had come six months ago or six months later, this would not have happened. Right to business is everyone's right and we cannot exploit transgender people.

Joyland movie which earned a name in the world before its release in Pakistan

 It should be noted that Pakistani director, writer, and actor Saim Sadiq's movie Joyland is based on the life of a eunuch, which is produced by Sarmad Khost and Apurva Charan.

It depicts the burgeoning relationship between a working-class Lahore man and a khawajsara (transgender). Sarwat Geelani, Sania Saeed, Ali Junejo, Sana Jaffrey, Aleena Khan, and other actors acted in the film.

The film gained international recognition when it was nominated for the Oscars by Pakistan and won the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival.

 Remember that the 'Jury Prize in Certain Regard' is recognized as the second major award of this film festival.

The story belongs to our people, which we have made. While there is opposition to Joyland on social media, many social and showbiz personalities are openly supporting it.

 Filmmaker Jami Azad requested the authorities to release Joyland and said, "It is a great honor for Pakistan that a film has gone so far."

 The Oscar race is also going quite well. Went to Cannes, and went to TIFF. Trans people are an integral part of our society. We should not fear any human being. Just as mullahs are an integral part of our society they play a positive role and also play a negative role.

 But we endure. We did not say to throw them out. Ban them.

 Former senator of the People's Party Farhatullah Babar said that the decision to withdraw the certification of the film Joyland a few days before its scheduled release is wrong.

 It is self-reflexive to appease the self-styled moral brigade. It violates producers' freedom of expression and people's right to choose. Please withdraw this decision.

Pakistan's famous actor and producer Humayun Saeed, who recently worked in Netflix's popular series 'The Crown', wrote in his tweet that 'Joyland became Pakistan's first South Asian film to win the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival. What is raised with pride?

This is the story of our people, for our people, by our people. Hopefully, it will be made accessible to those people."

 Fatima Bhutto, the granddaughter of former Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and author, writes that 'the censorship of Joyland is senseless. Pakistan is full of artists, filmmakers, and writers and has a cultural wealth and more importantly bravery that the world admires. A smart state will celebrate and promote it. That she will silence and threaten.'

Our decision-makers are still treating Pakistanis like children," writes Nida Kirmani, a professor at Limz and a social activist. They are depriving us of art and culture under the guise of morality.

Pakistani actress Sarwat Geelani says that there is a campaign going on against the film Joyland, which made history for Pakistani cinema. It was cleared by all the censor boards but now the authorities are coming under pressure from some malicious people who have not even seen the film.

The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) has condemned the government's decision to withdraw Joyland's certification.

He termed this act as transphobic and said in his statement that this order was also a violation of the right of freedom of expression of the film producers.

Eight billionth baby was born in New, who were the five, six and seven billion children?

 

The United Nations says that just 11 years after crossing the seven billion milestones, the world's population has reached eight billion.

 After a significant increase in the second half of the 20th century, population growth may now be slowing and it may take 15 years to reach nine billion.

The United Nations does not expect the world's population to reach ten billion by the year 2080.

 The United Nations has chosen the fifth, sixth and seventh billion children in the past years on the occasion of the world's population reaching eight billion.  What can their stories tell us about global population growth?

The United Nations says that just 11 years after crossing the seven billion milestone the world's population has reached eight billion.

After a significant increase in the second half of the 20th century, population growth may now be slowing and it may take 15 years to reach nine billion.

The United Nations does not expect the world's population to reach ten billion by the year 2080.

 The United Nations has chosen the fifth, sixth and seventh billion children in the past years on the occasion of the world's population reaching eight billion. What can their stories tell us about global population growth?

Just outside Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, Sadia Sultana Oshi helps her mother peel potatoes for dinner.

 She is 11 years old and prefers to play soccer outside, but her parents live a modest life. The family had to move here when their business selling clothes and sarees was hit by the coronavirus.

 Life in the village is easier than in the city, so he is still able to pay school fees for his three daughters.

 Oshi is considered to be the youngest and a symbol of good luck for the family. The name of this girl born in the year 2011 was one of the seven billionth children in the world.

 Oshie's mother had no idea what was about to happen. They didn't even expect the baby to be born that day. After visiting the doctor, he was sent to the labor ward for an emergency operation.

 Awaishi was born at 12:11 midnight, with TV crews and local officials flocking to see her. The family was surprised but happy.

Oshie's father had hoped for a boy but is now happy with his three hard-working, intelligent daughters. Her elder daughter is already studying at university and Aweshi is determined to become a doctor.

 He says, 'We are not that rich and Covid has made things more difficult, but I will do everything to fulfill this dream of my daughter.'

Since Oshi's birth, the growing population of Bangladesh has added another 1.7 million people.

In 1980, the average number of children per woman in Bangladesh was more than six, now it is less than two, and one of the reasons is that Bangladesh has also focused on education. As women become more educated they tend to choose smaller families.

The three main bodies that estimate world population, the United Nations, the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington, and the IIASA-Wittgenstein Center in Vienna, have different views on the benefits of education.

The United Nations says that the world population will reach 10.4 billion in the 2080s, but the IHME and the Wittgenstein Center think it will happen much sooner, but these are just estimates.

A lot has changed in the world since Oshie was born in 2011, and demographers are constantly surprised. IISA demographer Samir KC says, "We were not expecting that AIDS deaths would decrease so much, that treatment would save so many lives."

 They had to change their model because the improvement in child mortality has a long-term effect as the surviving children reproduce themselves and then the birth rate is likely to drop dramatically.

Samir KC says demographers were surprised when the number of children born per woman in South Korea fell to an average of 0.81.

 So, how low will it go? This is the big question for us. This is something that more and more countries will have to deal with as half of the next billion people will come from just eight countries, most of them in Africa.

 Most countries will have a birth rate below 2.1 children per woman, which is necessary to maintain the population. In Bosnia-Herzegovina, one of the world's fastest-dwindling populations, 23-year-old Adnan Muev thinks about this a lot.

 He has done a Master's in Economics and is looking for a job. If they do not find a job, then they will move to the EU. Like many parts of Eastern Europe, their country has suffered from declining birth rates and more mass migration.

 Adnan is currently living outside Sarajevo with his mother Fatima, who has few memories of his birth.

"I felt something was unusual because the doctors and nurses were gathering around but I couldn't tell what was going on," says Fatima.

 He laughed and said that when Adnan was born, the then Secretary General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, was there to name him the six billionth child in the world. I was so tired, I don't know what I felt."

 Adnan and his mother have a photo album of a small boy sitting in front of a giant cake, which can be seen flanked by figures in suit boats and military personnel in khaki uniforms.

 Adnan says that politicians were coming to them when other children were celebrating their birthdays.

 But for this reason, there were some privileges for Adnan. Being the six billionth child, he was invited to meet his hero Cristiano Ronaldo at Real Madrid when he was 11 years old.

Amazingly, the world's population has increased by two billion people in 23 years.

"It's really too much," he says. I don't know how this beautiful planet of ours will cope.

Michael Jordan: The American sports legend's luxury property that isn't selling for half the price

 Being the richest and most loved athlete in the world of sports does not mean that American basketball legend Michael Jordan does not have to face the same problems that an ordinary person faces.

 For the past 10 years, Michael Jordan has been trying to sell his lavish mansion in Highland Park, 40 kilometers from Chicago. The place, completed in 1995 on his wish, was considered to be Michael Jordan's sanctuary in the nineties. This was when Michael Jordan was the Chicago Bulls basketball team captain and won three National Basketball Association titles. Not only this, but with the help of sponsorship deals and other sources of income, he had earned a huge amount of money Even in the context of celebrities, their Highland mansion is very impressive.  Spread over five thousand square meters, this mansion has nine rooms and 19 bathrooms, a cinema, fitness gym, tennis court and even an indoor basketball court. Its garage is spacious enough to accommodate 14 vehicls Michael Jordan finally retired from basketball career in 2003. They now live in another mansion in Jupiter, Florida. He announced his intention to sell the property in 2012 at a price of US$29 million. But now this amount has almost halved. The property is now valued at $14.9 million, or about $150 million, on the website of Kapmas, the estate agent who is trying to sell it. In Pakistani rupees, it amounts to more than three billion. An attempt to sell the house at an even lower price in 2013 failed. At the time, it was valued at $13 million. Netflix recently produced a documentary on Michael Jordan's final season with the Chicago Bulls, sparking renewed interest in his life. At that time, it was expected that someone might buy this magnificent mansion of his, but it did not happen.  Property experts in America believe they know why this mansion is not selling. One reason the Highland area is said to be a real problem is because it's not close to downtown ChicagoIt is not like buying milk In an interview with financial website MarketWatch, luxury property consultant Adam Rosenfeld also said that 'Michael Jordan's mansion was built according to his wishes, so it is unlikely that it would be of interest to the average buyer. Be there.' "Selling a property built according to one's will and desire is a very difficult task."Michael Normand also works in luxury property sales. "Buying a property like this is like buying art," he told The Hollywood Reporter.

The Desperation of Celebrities

 According to Forbes magazine's latest list of the richest people, Michael Jordan's assets are currently worth about 1.7 billion US dollars. Perhaps they are under increasing pressure to sell the house. However, he has now joined a growing list of celebrities who are realizing that no one is interested in buying their dream mansion. Before him, the famous Hollywood actor Tom Cruise has also gone through a similar experience. He tried to sell his ranch in Colorado in 2014 for $59 million. On the one hand, there are ordinary houses that have been sold many times before. On the other hand, there are such costly and big houses which have no examples.'It's not like buying milk, where you can look online and determine what the price is.'

India's richest man Mukesh Ambani bought the oldest toy store 'Hamley's'

 India's richest man Mukesh Ambani has bought the famous British toy company Hamleys.

 A statement from Mukesh Ambani's company Reliance Brands Limited said that they have entered into an agreement with the Chinese company Sea Banner.

 In the statement issued by Darshan Mehta, the head of Reliance Brands, it has been said that 'buying Hamleys worldwide now. It is like a dream come true for us.' Sea Banner bought Hamleys from the French company for £10 million in 2015. This is the fourth time that Hamleys has changed ownership since it was bought by Reliance.

It needs to be made clear how much the current deal is worth, but according to some reports, the deal has been settled for more than six and a half million pounds. Is this the most expensive wedding in the history of India?

 Thanks, big brother!

 The Hamleys store on Regent Street in London was established in 1881 Hamleys, the oldest toy store, was established in 1760 and now has 167 stores in 18 countries around the world. Mukesh Ambani's Reliance operates 88 Hamleys stores across 29 cities in India. According to Forbes magazine, Mukesh Ambani, one of the wealthiest men in the world, has a net worth of more than $50 billion.

An entire village in Spain that can be bought for only five and a half crore rupees

 the entire village of salt de Castro, located in the northwest of Spain, is for sale and its price is 259,000 us dollars or 561,000,000 Pakistani rupees only.

 the village is located on the border with Portugal and is located in the province of Zamora, about three hours from Madrid, the capital of Spain the town has many of the buildings one would expect to see in a small Spanish town these include 44 residential houses, a hotel, a school, and a municipal swimming pool, as well as a barracks that formerly housed the civil guard. n.n.Guard.But there is one thing in this village that is not visible. That is the population. This village has been uninhabited for almost three decades.

 Its current owner bought it in the early 2000s and intended to turn it into a tourist attraction. However, the Eurozone crisis did not allow his plan to flourish. Rony Rodriguez, who represents the owner of the village, belongs to the Royal Invest Company. They say that its owner had a dream to build a hotel here but then the project was suspended. He still wants the project to be completed hello On the website advertising the village for sale, the 80-year-old owner said: 'I am selling it because I am a city dweller and cannot take care of the village. 'The ad has generated a lot of interest and 50,000 people have visited the site since it was posted a week ago. Rodriguez says 300 people have expressed interest in buying the village, including "people from Russia, France, Belgium, and the UK." One person had even revealed the money. The village of Salto de Castro was built by a power company for its employees who were building a dam nearby. As soon as the dam was completed, the residents also migrated and by the 1980s the village was completely depopulated. The area adjacent to this village is also known as 'Empty Spain' where rural communities exist but lack the amenities of cities. There had been attempts to sell the village before and at that time it was valued at six and a half million euros. But due to the dilapidated condition of the buildings here, no buyer came forward, and then the price also kept decreasing.

It should be noted that at the current price of the village, only a one-bedroom apartment can be bought in the affluent areas of Madrid or Barcelona. However, whoever wants to buy this village must have plenty of money, if he really wants to make it a tourist center. According to the website, an investment of up to two million euros is necessary to make the village functional and profitable.

The richest temple of A INadia with 10 tonnes of gold and billions of rupees

 While temples are associated with worship, it has also been closely associated with offerings. Devotees continue to make offerings to the temples, ranging from food items to rupees, gold, silver, and precious jewelry.

According to the Indian news agency PTI (Press Trust of India), the Trust of India's richest temple issued a press release yesterday, in which they presented the details of the temple's wealth. This temple is located in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh in India and is popularly known as the 'Tirupati Temple'.The temple's Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam (TTD) Trust has said it has 10.3 tonnes of gold and Rs 5,300 crore in banks. Apart from this, it also has a cash balance of Rs 15,938 crore. Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam manages the Tirupati temple and has issued a white paper declaring its assets. According to TTD, it had fixed deposits of Rs 13,025 crore in various banks in the year 2019, which has now increased to Rs 15,938 crore.

It has 960 properties across India. This investment has increased by Rs 2,900 crore during the last three years. India's English newspaper 'The Minute' wrote that the total worth of Tirupati temple is 30 billion US dollars, which is more than India's largest IT company Wipro, food, and beverage company Nestle, and state-owned oil company. According to the newspaper, the temple's TTD Trust was established in 1933 and has presented its wealth details for the first time. A temple official told The Minute that TTD is getting richer as offerings of cash and gold from devotees at the hilltop temple continue to increase and interest rates rise. Given that banks are generating more income than fixed deposits.TTD also oversees the management of many temples in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Odisha, Haryana, Maharashtra, and New Delhi. Earlier, a decade ago in 2011, diamonds and gems worth billions of rupees were discovered in the basement of a 16th-century temple in the southern Indian state of Kerala this temple named Padmanabha Swamy is located in the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. According to reports, two of the four basements of the temple were not opened for the last one hundred and thirty years, but after the orders of the Supreme Court, a seven-member committee has gone inside and examined the antiquities. The authorities have not yet said anything about the value of the artifacts in the temple, but there are reports that there is approximately 25 billion rupees worth of diamonds and gems inside the temple.

How much can watching too much porn affect your marital relationship and sexual health?

 Ho Much Kin Watching Too Much Porn Affects Your Marital Relationship and Social Health?

Jelani

spoke to the BBC about whether everyone who watches porn needs medical help and the relationship between pornography and marital life. The conversation with him is presented below in the question-and-answer format: Is watching porn good for your health? During the covid lockdown, the viewing rate of pornographic videos has increased manifold. Watching pornographic films acts as a 'stress buster' for many people i.e. it reduces their mental stress. Sometimes it is also used as a stimulant in people with sexual problems. In any couple, it is okay for one partner to watch porn for a while with the other partner's consent, but it is hazardous for children under 18 because watching porn has nothing to do with sex education or sex education. What are the harmful effects of watching pornography? Studies have shown that lonely people who watch porn for short periods can sometimes feel less stressed.

However, if one continues to

pornographic content and does so for a long time, it can have negative consequences and the viewer may suffer from problems like confusion and stress. Frequent or excessive viewing of pornography can also damage your marital and sexual relationships. People who watch a lot of pornography also have high expectations during sex in their married life and try to achieve the impossible during real-life sex, which they fail and thus are likely to be disappointed. increases. How to detect addiction to pornography? Viewers of porn videos fall into three categories Some people only watch porn for 17 to 24 minutes a week.  It is not considered very dangerous.  More than 75 percent of people fall into this category.  These people do not have to face family or mental problems due to watching porn for a short period of time The second type occurs in people who are addicted to watching pornographic content and keep watching it repeatedly.  13 percent of people fall into this category

 14 percent of people fall into the third category.  People in this category watch pornography for up to 110 minutes per week.  These types of people face problems like anxiety, anger, irritability, and loneliness.  These types of men also face a lot of problems on the sexual level porn addicts need medical intervention? Absolutely. People who watch a lot of porn, whether they are men or women, are more likely to suffer from mental health problems. Excessive porn viewing affects memory, sleep, cognition, and concentration, so such individuals need treatment. How does pornography affect the mind and sexual habits of young people? The BBC report stated that there is little control over age verification to access content on pornographic sites. In the UK, child protection groups have campaigned for UK regulators to take action. Biometric identification to gain access is being debated in Australia and Canada, but there are also fears that it could affect the privacy of adult users. In an interview with BBC Brazil, Lembke said, "The addictive properties of any drug are enhanced by its high quantity, high reach, high potency, and high sophistication." The Internet and portable digital devices promote all these domains, making pornography today more abundant, more accessible, more powerful, more sophisticated, and therefore more addictive than pornography of the past. She says that 'sex addiction is a big problem, which is slowly increasing in society, and because of this some of her patients have already thought of suicide. "It's not about lifestyle or social norms. It's about how technology has turned human relationships, including sex, into a drug that is accessible to everyone, including children.'

 According to Lambke, 'this need for emotional gratification leads to compulsions, such as online pornography.' They believe repeatedly trying to create a sense of pleasure can reduce its intensity over time.

Angkor: The city whose 'holy' water led to its rise and fall

 Angkor Wat attracts millions of visitors every year, but most people know little about its complex and extensive water system that has been the cause of the rise and fall of an empire.

 Every year in April during the Khmer New Year celebrations, Sophie Peng, her four siblings, and her parents go on a pilgrimage to Cambodia's most sacred mountain, Phnom Koln.

birthplace of the ancient mighty Angkor Empire, the gentle slopes of this mysterious mountain hold a special place in the hearts of the locals.

 During religious festivals, Cambodians climb to its summit to be blessed with the same water that has been used for the coronation of kings since 802 AD. The establishment of this kingdom took place when Jayavarman II, the founder of the kingdom, was bathed in this holy water and was called Deva Raja, meaning the king of divine importance. Their empire spanned modern-day Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam, and the city of Angkor was the largest in the world before the Industrial Revolution.

To immortalize this sacred site, 1,000 Shiva Lings (a symbolic incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva) were carved and erected on the banks of the Kabal Span River, where the water flows through the plains of Angkor and falls into Tonle Sap Lake. . Even today this water is considered sacred and its power is believed to be a source of healing from diseases and good luck. It's a very special place for Cambodians, it's an important part of our history," Peng says. Every year we visit Culin Mountain with our family as part of the Khmer New Year rituals. We bring food offerings to the temple and pour water on it from Kabal Spain for good luck.'Jayavarman II's spiritual blessing initiated the Angkor dynasty's close association with water. Still, it was not until the capital was moved south to Rolos and then to Angkor that the kingdom remained for more than five centuries. Remained permanent. The empire's expert engineers used their skills to create a complex water system that ensured the empire's rise as well as its downfall. The plains of Angkor were ideal for an empire to flourish," explained Dean Penny, a researcher at the University of Sydney's Department of Geology. He has studied Angkor extensively. "There are plenty of resources, for example near the Tonle Sap lake there is good soil for rice," he says. The lake is home to one of the world's largest inland fisheries, while Angkor is at the very northern edge of this enormous food-producing bowl. Angkor went on to succeed based on these resources. In the 1950s and 1960s, French archaeologist Bernard-Philippe Groslier conducted an aerial survey of the city of Angkor to reconstruct the layout of the ancient city. This led him to discover the vastness of the city and the complexity of its extensive water system and inspired him to name Angkor the 'Hydraulic City. Since then archaeologists have extensively researched the water network and its important role. In 2012, the true extent of the hydraulic system was revealed, which is spread over 1,000 square kilometers.

 It was discovered by archaeologist Dr. Damian Evans using airborne laser scanning technology (LiDAR)."The missing pieces of the puzzle quickly came into focus," Dr. Evans said. We are now working on a paper that is the definitive map of Angkor and shows the original image, showing the hydraulic system that was one of the secrets of the empire's success. Man-made canals were crucial to the creation of a city of this vast size, which was built to bring water from Phnom Koln to the plains of Angkor. These canals were used to transport an estimated 1 million sandstone bricks, weighing 1,500 kilograms, that built Angkor. While ensuring a year-round supply of water during the monsoon season to support the city's population, agriculture, and livestock, this hydraulic system served the basic needs that have sustained the temples for centuries. The sandy soil here alone is not enough to support the weight of these stones. Engineers had therefore discovered that a mixture of sand and water made stable foundations, so trenches were dug around each temple in such a way as to maintain a constant supply of groundwater. It has provided foundations strong enough to keep the temples stable and prevent them from collapsing even after all these centuries. Throughout the empire's history, successive kings promoted, restored, and improved Angkor's complex water network. They include an impressive network of canals, ditches, and barriers (reservoirs).'West Barre' is the oldest and largest man-made structure that can be seen from space. It is 7.8 km long and 2.1 km wide which was also built to control the flow of water."Angkor's hydraulic system is very unique because of its scale," Penny said. There are many examples of historic cities with clear water management systems, but not of this level. For example, so many reservoirs are not seen anywhere.

West Barre has an incredible capacity to hold water," he added. When it was built, many European cities could comfortably fit inside it. It's mind-boggling, it's like an ocean.'The study shows that in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, dramatic climate changes occurred, leading to prolonged monsoon rains followed by severe droughts. These climate changes affected the water management network, which was one of the reasons for the eventual decline of the mighty empire."The whole city was hit by these big changes in weather," Penny said. The scale of the network and its interdependence meant that people felt the need to change to adapt to the drought and to cope with the wet year, which The network fragmented and became unusable.' Further research suggests that changes in the seasons, including the failure of the hydraulic system and attacks by the neighboring Siamese people, forced the capital to move south to Udong. History books say that Angkor ended in 1431 due to Siamese attacks, but I don't think that happened," says Dr. Damian. The evidence we have suggests that this happened over a much more extended period. Pressure from major famines, the destruction of water systems, constant attacks by the Siamese, and the expansion of shipping lanes all contributed to this. But when Angkor was abandoned, nature took its place back here. Local people were aware of these ancient monuments, but the jungle kept them hidden until the 1860s when French explorer Henri Mohot 'rediscovered' them. From here began massive restoration projects that continue to this day. The number of tourists visiting Angkor Wat Archaeological Park in Cambodia has increased over the past two decades. In the year 2019, 2.2 million people visited this place. The increase in the number of tourists, including hotels and restaurants, has increased the water demand tremendously, which has led to a decrease in the water supply. As these temples depend on a continuous supply of underground water to survive, serious concerns have arisen regarding the preservation of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. However, although water contributed to the rise of the Angkor Empire, it was water that also contributed to its downfall."It's clear that the water management network was really important in the development of the city and it led to its wealth and power, but as it got more complex, bigger and bigger it became a weakness for the city," Penny said. became along with the increase in water demand, severe flooding occurred during the monsoon seasons between 2009 and 2011, which led to the intensive restoration of this ancient water system. Suchita Heng, a guest house owner, recalled the 2011 flood, saying, "It caused a lot of destruction. Crops were destroyed, people had to evacuate their homes and water came into my guest house. It was devastating. This flood was the worst in the province in 50 years. Led by the Apsara National Authority, which is responsible for the conservation and management of the Angkor site, the restoration project has restored several waterways and hydraulic systems, including Angkor Thom's 12-kilometer water wall and the 10th-century royal bath Serah Serang. These efforts have also helped to address water shortages caused by increased tourist numbers and prevent a repeat of the floods that hit the province between 2009 and 2011.

This means that this vast, centuries-old system continues to provide water today, preventing catastrophic floods and providing the foundations for the sacred temples of Angkor that will sustain them well into the future. Dr. Evans said, "Rehabilitation of the water system made water available for irrigation, so it has become part of today's agricultural landscape as well as the stability of the temples." Surprisingly, this water system is still in service.

An Iranian man who lived at a French airport for 18 years died

 An 18-year-old Iranian man has died in an airport in Paris.

 Since 1988, Mehran Karimi Nasri has made a small part of the Charles de Gaulle Airport his home. In t004, a movie called 'The Terminal' was made about his life, in which Tom Hanks played the lead role. He was eventually allowed to stay in France but returned to the airport some time ago. An airport official told AFP news agency that he died of natural causes. Born in the Khuzestan province of Iran in 1945, Nasri first came to Europe in search of his mother. He lived in Belgium for several years while being deported by the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Germany for not having valid immigration papers. He then moved to France where he made Terminal 2F of the airport his home.

Mage source GETTY IMAGES

At the airport, they would sit on a bench surrounded by trolleys with their luggage. He spent his life here writing about his experiences in a notebook and reading books and newspapers. His story found a place in the international media after which famous film director Steven Spielberg caught his eye. He directed the film 'The Terminal' starring Tom Hanks and Catherine Zeta-Jones. After the film's release, journalists flocked to him to discover the story behind the Hollywood film. At one point, Nasri, calling himself Sir Alfred, was giving up to six interviews a day, according to The Parisian newspaper. Despite being granted refugee status in 1999 and the right to reside in France, he remained at the airport until 2006. Then he was taken to the hospital due to illness, after which, according to Liberation newspaper, he started living in a hostel with the money he got from the film. According to an airport official, he returned to the airport a few weeks ago and stayed there until his death. The official said that he had several thousand euros at his death.