Mound of the dead': A 'modern city' with a population of 40,000 in Pakistan, where the residents went, nothing is known.

 

QIn the plains of Pakistan's dusty southern province of Sindh lie some of the most astonishing ruins of an ancient civilization most of the world has never heard of.  When the atmosphere in this ancient city and the world was examined, light breezes reduced the intensity of the heat. People could see the climbing paths and kanji through the red bricks, which came to connect the web of different neighborhoods.

 An ancient round Buddhist dome stood in decay beneath a stepped bathing pool. There are only a few people here.

 Among the ruins of the city of Larkana, an hour's drive from the main city was the ancient city called Moen Jo Daro. Today the famous ruins of the city remain, 4,500 years ago it was not only one of the oldest economies in the world but a thriving region with the most advanced military infrastructure for its time.

  Moin-jo-Daro, meaning 'dead mound' in Sindhi, was the largest bronze of a mine-prosperous Indus Valley Civilization (also known as the Hara Civilization) in the northeast-central. Looked forward from Afghanistan to northwestern India.

 Believed to have been inhabited by at least 40,000 people, the city flourished from 2500 BC to 1700 BC.

Irshad Ali Solangi is a local guide working in Moen

Jo Daru is from his family's lineage. "It was a social center with social, cultural, economic, and religious links with Mesopotamia and Egypt," explained Solangi.

 But compared to ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, which flourished simultaneously, Moen Jo Daro's name was heard by very few outside Pakistan. It was destroyed by 1700 BC, and to this day no one is quite sure why the city's inhabitants moved or left

 

India: Chersi rats devoured 200 kg of drugs

 

Rats have been accused of drinking alcohol and eating hashish in India in the past 

Police in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh has told a court that rats have eaten nearly 200 kilograms of hashish recovered from drug dealers. The Uttar Pradesh court said that rats are very 'small animals' and have no fear of the police and it is not easy to protect hashish from rats. The court had ordered the police to testify in a drug-related case. In his ruling, the judge cited three court cases in which rats destroyed hemp and marijuana. Judge Sanjay Choudhary wrote in his judgment that the police had been asked to produce the seized drugs in court as evidence, but the police told the court that the rats had wasted 195 kg of hashish.

In another case, the police had filed a report in the court that some of the 386 kgs of hashish had been eaten by rats. Judge Sanjay Chaudhary cited another case in which the Uttar Pradesh police had told the court that 700 kilograms of seized hashish were lying in a police station where it was under threat from rats. The judge wrote that the police have no expertise to stop rats because they are so small. The judge suggested that the only way to protect the seized drugs from 'fearless little animals' is to sell them to medical companies and laboratories and deposit the proceeds into the government coffers.MP Singh, a senior police officer of Mathura district, said that the drugs stored in police stations in his area were damaged not by rats but by heavy rains.

In 2018, an Argentine court ordered the dismissal of eight police officers who blamed rats for the disappearance of half a ton of marijuana. The experts had refused to accept the police's position that the rats would mistake marijuana for food. Experts believed that if this had happened, a large number of dead rats should have been found in the police warehouse. A report published in 2019 stated that when rats were fed cannabis in a laboratory, it was found that the rats became sluggish and their body temperature also decreased. In 2017, police in the Indian state of Bihar took the stand that rats had consumed thousands of liters of seized liquor a year after the ban on alcohol in the state.n 2018, in the Indian state of Assam, when technicians went to fix a malfunctioning ATM machine, they found currency notes worth twelve lakh rupees shredded. This suspicion was also demonstrated in rats.

Poland's football team leaves for Doha under the protection of F-16 planes

A surprising scene was witnessed when the Polish team left the country to join the Football World Cup in Qatar on Thursday.

Two F-16 fighter jets were also in the air alongside the plane of the Polish national football team traveling to Qatar. A video was also posted along with the tweet and at the end, it can be seen writing 'Thank you and salute the pilots!'Photos taken by the team showed one of the F-16 pilots holding a national squad sign in his cockpit window. The team's official Twitter account posted a video showing a pair of F-16 fighter jets flying alongside the team's plane. It should be remembered that during the war between Russia and Ukraine, two people were killed in Poland a few days ago when a missile fell. Since the incident, the Polish army has been put on high alert, and the departure of fighter jets accompanying the football team is been in the same context in Plocal Polish media. a. The tweet of the official Twitter account stated that "we were taken to the southern border of Poland along with F-16 jets."

Qatar Football World Cup 

After arriving in Qatar, the Polish team will play their first match against the Mexican team on November 22 and four days later they will face Saudi Arabia. P and is in Group C which includes Argentina, Saudi Arabia, and Mexico. Poland's final group stage match will occur on November 30 when they face Lionel Messi's Argentina. Barcelona star striker Robert Lewandowski and his men will be looking to take Poland to the knockout stages for the first time since 1986. Poland's current team has not been historically successful in football, but almost all of the players in this World Cup are playing in the world's major leagues and are technically strong.

No permission or lack of money to play barefoot: When India missed a rare opportunity to play in the World Cup

 

The Football World Cup is going to start on November 20 in Qatar. After this competition between the 32 best teams playing football around the world, it will be decided who is the king of the football world. According to FIFA, the governing body of football around the world, the World Cup, which will begin on November 20, will be watched by about five billion people live and through screens. This number will be one billion more than the 2018 World Cup viewers. The World Cup in Qatar is the 22nd World Cup football event overall. But there is no enthusiasm among the Indian sports fans for this game, as till now India too like Pakistan has not participated in this tournament even once. Although India never made it to the Football World Cup, very few fans of the game would know that there was a time when India could make it to the Football World Cup. It will be hard to believe but the fact is that the Indian football team was going to participate in the World Cup played in Brazil 72 years ago in 1950 but the Bujo team could not participate in it. 

How did India get a chance to participate in the World Cup?

 In fact, World Cup football could not be held in 1942 and 1946 due to the Second World War.  In 1950, the World Cup was about to take place after 12 years of waiting.  Only 33 countries agreed to play in the qualifying round for the World Cup in BraziIndia was placed in the qualifying Group 10 along with Burma (Myanmar) and the Philippines.  But Burma and the Philippines withdrew their names from the qualifying round That is, India had qualified for the World Cup competitions without playing.  The start date of the World Cup competitions was not far away and the Indian team was going to get a chance to showcase its achievements in the Football World Cup for the first time. d.l.e.

India's group in the 1950 World Cup. 

When the draft was held for the final round of the 1950 World Cup football, India was placed in the third pool along with Sweden, Italy, and Paraguay.

 What would have happened if India had participated in this tournament?

 In this regard, the late football journalist Novi Kapadia wrote in the World Cup Football Guidebook that "At that time, Paraguay's team was not very strong, Italy did not include eight of its main players in the team due to discipline." The condition of the team was so bad that coach Vittorio Pozo resigned after reaching Brazil.

The Swedish team was in a very good position against India, in that sense, India could have finished second in the group but the team needed to take advantage of this great opportunity."

What was the condition of the Indian football team?

In the 1990s, the Indian football team did not play many matches at the international level, but the Indian team had a reputation as a good playing team. A glimpse of this was also shown by the Indian team in the 1948 London Olympic Games. India lost to a strong team like France by a mere margin of 1-2. During this era, the Indian football team was trying to make its mark due to its forward and dribbler play. Players like Ahmed Khan, S Raman, MA Sattar, and S Metal were the masters of the game. All these Indian players came to London Olympics to play football barefoot. However, right-back Taj Muhammad played wearing boots.

Why the team could not participate in Brazil's World Cup?

There is no clear answer as to why the Indian football team did not participate in the 1950 World Cup.

However, as per the official reason given by the All India Football Federation (AIFF), the team withdrew due to differences in team selection and insufficient time for practice. But there have been many debates over the years, the most talked about being that Indian players wanted to play barefoot football and FIFA did not approve it. But apart from Navi Kapadia, a recent book by senior sports journalist Jaideep Basu doesn't give much credence to this cause either. In the book 'Box to Box: 75 Years of the Indian Football Team' edited by Jaydeep Basu, it is written that "There was no question of FIFA objecting to Indian players playing barefoot."Referring to the seven octogenarians who competed in the London Olympics, Jaideep Basu wrote that "seven octogenarians of this team had spiked boots in their travel bags and it was a matter of player choice."In fact, this was the era when football players preferred to play with thick bandages on their feet and by 1954 this trend was also present in many other countries of the world.

Was it the lack of money?

One of the reasons for India's non-participation in the World Cup is economic. But this claim also does not seem to be true. Jaideep Basu states in his book that there was a cost issue for the team to reach Brazil, but it was resolved. He wrote that at that time the three state-level football associations of India had assured to contribute towards the expenses. Not only this, Navi Kapadia states in his book that in March and April, Brazil approached the Indian Football Association and assured to pay most of the team's expenses. According to Navi Kapadia's book, there were two reasons for Brazil's confidence, one was that teams from Scotland, France, Turkey, and Czechoslovakia had also withdrawn their names from the Football World Cup. And secondly, Brazil wanted the monuments of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. According to Jaydeep Basu's book, India announced the World Cup squad on 16 May 1950. According to India's proposed schedule, the Indian team will leave for Brazil on June 15 and India's first match was to be played against Paraguay on June 25. But what happened next, Jaydeep Basu calls it the biggest unsolved mystery in the world of Indian football.

However, books by Navi Kapadia and Jaydeep Basu show that neither the Indian footballers nor the football authorities of the time understood the significance of the occasion. In fact, at that time the Indian hockey team had become the champion team of the Olympic Games and the ultimate measure of popularity for every player was the same. In such a situation, the Indian football team focused on better performance in the Olympic Games for both the players and the people running the game. Apart from this, the 1951 Asian Games were also scheduled to be held in Delhi. As the host team, India aimed to do well in this one. It is important to mention here that till 1950 the football world cup was not as famous in the world as it was in later years. Then it was a sports tournament devoid of glamour.

Ignorance of laws  

It also appears that the Indian football authorities may have taken such a decision due to a lack of knowledge of the rules. In fact, the players participating in the Football World Cup used to get the tag of professional players at that time. The fact that the athletes were professionals meant that they were not allowed to participate in the Olympics and the Asian Games. Because in those days the players participating in these tournaments were called amateurs. There were loopholes to this rule, however, as Hungary, Russia and other socialist countries claimed that players participating in the Football World Cup were members of the military, claiming that members of the military could not be professionals. But probably the Indian football officials didn't know that much then. The Indian Football Association may have decided not to participate in the 1950 World Cup for fear of being excluded from the Asian Games and the Olympic Games. But the decision turned out to be a blunder that has haunted Indian sports fans for the past 72 years. 

Guru Tegh Bahadur who refused to bow down to Aurangzeb whose death led to the downfall of the Mughals

 

Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Guru of the SikhsGuru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Guru of the Sikhs

On August 11, 1664, a group of Sikhs from Delhi reached the village of Bakala in Punjab. Six months before his death, Harakshan, the eighth Guru of Sikhism, announced that his successor would be found in Bakala.

A special meeting of the Sikhs was convened at Bakala and it was announced that the title of Guru and the throne would be handed over to Tegh Bahadur. In a traditional ceremony, Gurudita Randhawa applied saffron tilak on the Guru's forehead, offered him a coconut and five paise, and seated him on the Guru's throne.

Khushant Singh writes that 'Guru Tegh Bahadur left Bakala and went to Amritsar, where the doors of Harmandar Sahib were closed. From there he went to the city of Kiratpur where his father lived. After that, he settled in a new village five kilometers away from Kiratpur, which he named Anandpur. This place is now known as Anandpur Sahib, but even here his enemies did not allow him to live in peace.

Arrest

Guru Tegh Bahadur was born in 1621.  He was the youngest son of the sixth Sikh Guru Hargobind.  After staying in Anandpur for a few days, Guru Tegh Bahadur decided to go to eastern India.  On the way he was arrested by the Mughal troops led by Alam Khan and taken to DelhHistorians do not agree on why he was arrested.  Khushwant Singh writes that this was done at the instigation of Ram Rai, a resident of the Mughal court.  Guru Tegh Bahadur was accused of disturbing the peace historian Fauja Singh disagrees.  They say that Ram Rai had accepted Tegh Bahadur as his guru by then and had no ill intentions toward him 

Appearance and release of Aurangzeb 

Sarbpreet Singh in his book tory of Sikhs' writes that 'Whatever the reasons for his arrest, Guru Tegh Bahadur was arrested and taken to Delhi on November 8, 1665. Guru Tegh Bahadur was presented before the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.¬

Addressing Emperor Aurangzeb, Guru Tegh Bahadur said, 'I am not a Hindu, I do not believe in the supremacy of the Vedas, worship of idols and other rituals, but I respect the Hindu religion and its religious beliefs and I will live with them in a good manner. I will continue to fight for my rights.

But these words of Guru Tegh Bahadur had no effect on Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Many scholars in Aurangzeb's court told him that the Guru's growing influence could be a threat to Islam. At one point, Aurangzeb had decided to execute Guru Tegh Bahadur, but one of his Rajput ministers, Raja Ram Singh, pleaded to let him live, which Aurangzeb accepted. A month later, in December, all charges against Guru Tegh Bahadur were withdrawn and he was released. As soon as he was released, he resumed his journey eastward and reached Patna via Mathura, Agra, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, and Bodh Gaya. Guru Tegh Bahadur's wife Mata Gujri decided to stay there but Guru Tegh Bahadur left for Dhaka to meet his followers. While in Dhaka, he received news that a son was born to him, who was named Gobind Rai, who later became known as Guru Gobind Singh in Sikhism.

Stayed in Assam for three years 

Meanwhile, Emperor Aurangzeb entrusted Raja Ram Singh with the responsibility of crushing the rebellion of the King of Kamrup. In those days, Kamrup was considered dangerous, famous for its brave warriors and 'black magic.

Raja Ram Singh had complete faith in the spiritual power of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Raja Ram Singh requested Guru Tegh Bahadur to accompany him in his campaign to Kamrup. The Guru could not refuse his request.

Sarbpreet Singh writes that the Guru spent about three years in Assam during the war, during which he sometimes played the role of mediator. On his return, he could not meet his wife in Patna as he was receiving constant messages that she was needed in Punjab. He returned to the Chak Nanki throne in March 1672. His journey took him to places no other Sikh Guru except Guru Nanak had visited.

Pandits of Kashmir

On 25 May 1675, when Guru Tegh Bahadur was sitting in a Sangat Anandpur Sahib, a group of people from Kashmir came to meet him. This group was led by Pandit Karpa Ram Beech. He folded his hands and told the Guru that the religion of his ancestors, which has been practiced for thousands of years, is in danger.

The governor of Kashmir, Iftikhar Khan, representing Emperor Aurangzeb, ordered them to convert to Islam or else they will be put to death.

Guru Tegh Bahadur did not immediately respond to Kripa Ram's request but was heartbroken to hear about his suffering. In his biography of Guru Tegh Bahadur, Hari Ram Gupta writes that the Guru asked the Brahmins of Kashmir to tell the Emperor's representatives that if Guru Tegh Bahadur accepted Islam, he would also change his religion.

Hari Ram Gupta writes that 'Aurangzeb objected to the fact that all the Sikhs called the Guru the 'true king'. Aurangzeb took this to mean that the Guru wanted to propagate that he was the true emperor and that the ruler of India was a fake emperor.

Aurangzeb was also reluctant to use 'Bahadur' with the Guru's name as it was a title given to dignitaries in the Mughal court.

Mughal emperor Aurangzeb ordered that Guru Tegh Bahadur be brought before him in Delhi and forced to convert to Islam or face death.

Questions and answers from Guru Tegh Bahadur

After receiving this order from the Mughal Emperor, Guru Tegh Bahadur bade farewell to his family and companions and announced that his son Gobind Rai would succeed him as the next Guru. On 11 July 1675, Guru Tegh Bahadur left for Delhi along with his five followers Bhai Matidas, his younger brother Sati Das, Bhai Dayala, Bhai Jeeta, and Bhai Uday.

 After walking a short distance, he sent Bhai Uday and Bhai Jeeta to Delhi to get more news.

A day later, he was arrested by Hakim Mirza Noor Muhammad Khan of Ropar police station in village Rangharan in Malikpur. From Ropar, the Guru and his three companions were taken to Sirhind under heavy guard. After that, he was sent to Delhi's Chandni Chowk police station.

 During these four months of imprisonment, the Guru and his three companions were subjected to great torture.

Guru Tegh Bahadur's biographer Harbans Singh Virdi writes in his book 'Guru Tegh Bahadur, the Savior of Hindus and India' that 'in Delhi, the Guru was taken to the Red Fort along with his three companions. Many questions were asked of the Guru about Hinduism and Sikhism. He was also asked why he sacrificed his life for those who wear the sacred thread and get a tattoo on the forehead.

The Guru's reply was that the Hindus had become weak and had therefore come to seek refuge in Nanak's court. If the Muslims had also sought their help in this way, they too would have sacrificed their lives for them

Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's warning

Dr. Terlochan Singh in his book 'Guru Tegh Bahadur Prophet and Shaheed' writes that 'Aurangzeb entered the Diwan Aam at nine in the morning and reached his balcony. He was dressed in white silk. A jeweled dagger was tied around his waist. He had a white turban on his head. Eunuchs stood on either side of the emperor, fanning him with fans made of yak tails and peacock feathers. were giving

The emperor already knew about Sikhism. He also knew that Sikhs were against idolatry like Muslims. He had high hopes of persuading the Guru to convert to Islam because of the ideological affinity between the two religions.

King Aurangzeb said to Guru Tegh Bahadur you neither believe in idolatry nor believe in these Brahmins, so why have you come before us with their case?

Guru Tegh Bahadur Shahshana failed to satisfy and convince Aurangzeb. In the end, he was clearly told by the court that he should accept Islam or be ready to die. Guru Tegh Bahadur was put in an iron cage and chained.

 Emperor Aurangzeb sent several messengers to Guru Tegh Bahadur but the Guru remained steadfast. One day the head of the jail said to the master that the king wants him to accept Islam. If it is not possible for you to do this, perform a miracle so that they will know that you are a holy man.

Harbans Singh Virdi writes 'The Guru replied, My friend, miracles mean the grace and favor of God. He does not allow magic to be shown to the world. If his grace is misused, he will be angry. It does not need to be displayed. Because everyday miracles are happening in front of us. Isn't it a miracle that the emperor is giving death sentences to others but he has no idea that one day he too has to die.?

Why is good sleep important for a better sex life?

In most research on sleep, it is considered a solitary behavior, regardless of whether married people do not sleep alone.  Dr. Wendy Troxell has researched how a couple's sexual and romantic relationship is affected by sleep deprivation. They have concluded that good sleep is essential for good sex.  Dr. Wendy has been researching the sleep habits of different couples for the past 15 years according to them, sleeping is not something that should be considered as a solitary act.  It is the behavior of any couple that they do in each other's presence "I have been researching sleep for the last 15 years and it is a health-related topic," he says.  A good night's sleep is a matter of debate for even a couple.  However, it is often considered a subject of personal status in research If you can't sleep well, it means you can't be a good partner. If your mood changes, you may be depressed, in which case you may argue and your interactions with others are affected. You become less sensitive and thus do not understand your partner's feelings. She adds that sleep doesn't just affect you personally, it affects your entire life. According to research on sexual health, if a man sleeps less than four hours a day for several days, his testosterone levels can decrease by 10%. Lack of sleep also affects women's hormones. According to research, healthy sleep can increase a woman's sex potential by 14%, as a couple's sex life is affected by sleep. Research has also revealed that if a person sleeps with a partner, their sleep improves. Good sleep duration can improve the quality of mental, physical, and sexual life. However, if both people in a couple are not getting a good night's sleep, problems can arise. A habit of one partner may disturb the sleep of the other. For example, bad sleeping habits, sleeping spread out across the bed, and snoring can disrupt sleep. It is also possible that a disorder is causing sleep disturbance. As diseases in elderly couples affect sleep and this affects the duration of sleep. Older age can cause problems like insomnia and menopause. According to experts, sleep is also related to the temperature of the room and the type of mattress. Why does good sleep mean better sex? There are many reasons for this as the subject of sleep has started to be neglected in the current social life. Everyone wants a good night's sleep, everyone talks about it and many people take to social media to compare their friends who get a good night's sleep. But according to health experts, sleep is directly related to sex, hormones, and overall life

Six Tips for a Better Night's Sleep

The question is what should be done so that sleep is not disturbed. Here are six tips for better sleep in one of our reports:

Set light limits in the evening

The use of mobile phones and laptops is becoming common these days like an addiction. Many people spend hours watching dramas and movies on laptops but few know that doing so affects our sleep badly.

Just a few nights of poor sleep can wreak havoc on health

Professor Malcolm von Schantz of the University of Surrey suggests that the use of these devices (mobile phones, laptops, etc.) should be stopped an hour and a half before going to bed.

Be punctual

 It's tempting to stay up late the night before the weekend, but timing is essential to maintaining good sleep.

Going to bed at the same time every day is helpful. The more significant the change in daily sleep time, the greater the health risk.

The bedroom should be comfortable

It is common for many people to have laptops and chargers scattered around the bed, but if we want to sleep well, it is very important to understand that the more comfortable your bedroom is, the better the sleep. It will be good.

It is better to keep phones, laptops, and other electronic devices in another room. Instead of setting the alarm on your phone, you should buy an alarm clock.

Cooling in the room also plays an important role. It is easier for the body to sleep in a cool environment than in a hot one.

daylight

Our body clock works according to the times of sunrise and sunset. But many of us do not get the full benefit of daylight due to sleeping late in the morning.

By opening the house's curtains in the morning, you can get more daylight. If possible, exercise should be done in the morning. By doing this, you can sleep well at night.

Things to do before bed

Some things to do before sleeping If you do it every day, the body will know that it is time to sleep. Reading books, listening to songs, and bathing are some such activities.

As soon as you start doing them, the body will start preparing itself for sleep.

By doing this every day, the body gets used to it and the body understands that it is time to sleep.

 Stay away from caffeine

You may have noticed that drinking coffee late at night makes you sleepy. This is because of the caffeine in coffee.

But caffeine is not only found in coffee but also in tea and many cold drinks.

Drinking tea or coffee in the evening can also affect your sleep because the effect of caffeine lasts for five to nine hours on our body.

Elon Musk wants to make it possible to travel anywhere on Earth in 1 hour

 

He said while addressing online on the occasion of the G20 conference / Reuters photo

Elon Musk, the owner of companies like Tesla, SpaceX, and Twitter, wants to set up rocket platforms around the world to provide people with the fastest travel facilities. During an online address from the sidelines of the G20 conference in Bali, Indonesia, Elon Musk said he wants rocket platforms worldwide. He said that by doing this, people will be able to travel to other parts of the earth at 20 times the speed of sound." I think if we can travel to any part of the world in less than an hour, the world will become truly accessible," he said. Keep in mind that this is not a new project of Elon Musk, but he has been talking about it for many years. Addressing a conference in Adelaide, Australia in September 2017, he said that SpaceX will develop the Big Flying Rocket (BFR) to send humans to Mars. He said that this rocket would not only be able to travel to Mars but would be able to travel to any part of the earth like a regular passenger plane. He said that this rocket will make it possible to travel to any part of the world in less than an hour. Now once again he has expressed such views. Addressing the G20 sidelines, among other topics, he said that the power went out 3 minutes before the video call and he is sitting in the dark because of that. When asked why he didn't come to Bali to attend the conference, he joked that his engagements had increased significantly after buying Twitter. When he was asked, what should a young person do if he wants to be successful like him? To which Elon Musk said, 'Be careful what you wish for, I don't know how many people can be like me. No competition'.

Elon Musk admits to criticism that there is no way we can please everyone.